Zinc equilibria in submerged sodic soils as influenced by application of amendments

In a pot culture experiment, the effect of gypsum (50% of soil requirement), pyrites (equivalent to gypsum), farmyard manure (0.5 g per 100g soil) and Zn (10mg Zn kg^–1 soil) on Zn equilibria in Ghabdan and Langrian series of sodic soils was studied. The equilibrium soil solutions collected anaerobically after 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days of submergence were analysed for pH, EC, HCO₃ and Zn. Submergence markedly decreased soil solution pH and Zn up to 14 days and thereafter, the former slightly increased and the latter continued to decrease. Addition of amendments decreased soil solution pH in the order gypsum, pyrites and farmyard manure (FYM) and increased Zn concentration in the order FYM, gypsum and pyrites. The values of Zn potential (pZn + 2pOH) were within the range of pKsp for Zn(OH)₂-Zn²⁺ (aq) from 16 to 84 days of submergence in Ghabdan soil and from 9 to 42 days of submergence in Langrian soil, where later it shifted to ZnCO₃-Zn²⁺ (aq) system. Addition of FYM, pyrites and gypsum shortened the period of predominant existence of Zn(OH)₂-Zn²⁺ (aq) system to 40, 30 and 12 days in Ghabdan soil and 30, 20 and 6 days in Langrian soil respectively. After these periods the system was saturated with respect to ZnCO₃-Zn²⁺ (aq) except gypsum treatment where Zn-soil (unknown solid phases) -Zn²⁺ (aq) system controlled the solubility of Zn after 38 and 28 days of submergence of Ghabdan and Langrian soil respectively.     

Emergent properties of networks of biological signaling pathways

Many distinct signaling pathways allow the cell to receive, process, and respond to information. Often, components of different pathways interact, resulting in signaling networks. Biochemical signaling networks were constructed with experimentally obtained constants and analyzed by computational methods to understand their role in complex biological processes. These networks exhibit emergent properties such as integration of signals across multiple time scales, generation of distinct outputs depending on input strength and duration, and self-sustaining feedback loops. Feedback can result in bistable behavior with discrete steady-state activities, well-defined input thresholds for transition between states and prolonged signal output, and signal modulation in response to transient stimuli. These properties of signaling networks raise the possibility that information for "learned behavior" of biological systems may be stored within intracellular biochemical reactions that comprise signaling pathways.     

Comparison of teaching the basic electrocardiographic concept of frontal plane QRS axis using the classical versus the orderly electrocardiogram limb lead displays

This study compares the effectiveness of teaching the calculation of frontal plane QRS axis with the use of the classical versus the orderly electrocardiographic limb lead display. Eighty-three students from two environments were randomized into two groups and were taught to determine frontal plane axis with one of the methods. The accuracy and time to determine the axis were tested on 10 electrocardiograms. In the United States the group using the classical display achieved 4.2 (+/-2.7) correct answers, whereas those using the orderly method achieved 6.8 (+/-3.0) (p = 0.0006). The classical group used 9.2 (+/-2.8) minutes to complete the test, whereas the orderly group needed 7.2 (+/-2.0) minutes (p = 0.015). The results achieved in Sweden were similar. The use of the orderly electrocardiographic limb lead display results in greater diagnostic accuracy in less time than the classical display when determining the frontal plane QRS axis.     

High in situ rat intestinal permeability of artemisinin unaffected by multiple dosing and with no evidence of P-glycoprotein involvement

PURPOSE: To evaluate inflammation after clear corneal incision (CCI) cataract surgery in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and no retinopathy. METHODS: Forty patients with diabetes and 40 age-matched controls had standardized temporal CCI cataract surgery with implantation of a foldable intraocular lens. Anterior chamber flare was evaluated in an undilated eye with a laser flare-cell meter preoperatively and 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days postoperatively. RESULTS: In both groups, flare and cell values increased on the first postoperative day and successively decreased on the following days. Flare had not recovered to preoperative values by day 28. At no time was there a significant mean difference in cell and flare between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: It does not appear necessary to alter the postoperative therapeutic regimen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and no retinopathy.     

女性掌握某些科技产品使用权

在某些科技产品的使用过程中,美国女性的主导权超过男人,比如观看电视节目、DVR使用、浏览社会类媒体网站,甚至是打游戏。这个调查结果是由Solution Research Group发布的一个新的、关于"女性和数字生活方式"报告发布的。     

A longitudinal elasticity study of hair from the human head in forensic medicine

A rapid and sensitive method for assessing hair keratin stretch elasticity modulus has been developed. The technique is based on measuring the oscillation resonance frequency of hair fragments fixed at one end. The first results indicate a high sensitivity of the method and the possibility of its use in forensic medicine.     

Two-dimensional B-spline finite elements and their application to the computation of solitons

Contents In this paper we investigate the interaction of localized solutions with stable shape and constant velocity, so called solitons, of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-equation by numberical methods. B-spline finite elements turn out to be well suited for this purpose. The concept of two-dimensional B-spline finite elements and their numerical implementation is presented. In order to test the method, a diffusion problem with an analytically known solution, is solved with B-spline elements and, for comparison, with Lagrange and Hermite elements. Finally, the interaction of two solitons of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-equation is computed numerically.

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Zweidimensionale B-Spline-Elemente und ihre Anwendung zur Berechnung von Solitonen

Übersicht In dieser Arbeit wird die Wechselwirkung von sich formstabil mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit bewegenden lokalisierten Lösungen, sogenannten Solitonen, der Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Gleichung mit numerischen Methoden untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß B-Spline-Elemente gut für diesen Zweck geeignet sind. Nachdem die zweidimensionalen B-Spline-Elemente und deren numerische Implementation vorgestellt worden sind, wird als Testbeispiel ein Diffusionsproblem mit einer analytisch bekannten Lösung damit berechnet. Zum Vergleich wird dasselbe Problem auch mit Lagrange-Elementen und mit Hermitischen Elementen gelöst. Schließlich wird das Verhalten von zwei wechselwirkenden Solitonen der Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Gleichung numerisch berechnet.