Caudascopic experiences and a new patho-anatomic concept for treatment of sciatica

Osteotomy has been used in treatment of unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in an attempt to increase the stability of the fracture fragments. We have assessed this stability in a randomised prospective study on 138 patients, all having been fixed by dynamic hip screen, comparing anatomical reduction with medialisation osteotomy. The groups were similar in terms of age, gender and fracture configuration. There was no difference in final results in both groups except that operation time was longer in osteotomy group and the blood loss was more. We found no clear benefit from osteotomy and therefore recommend anatomical reduction and fixation by a sliding hip screw in most cases. Rarely, a fracture configuration which does not allow anatomical reduction may benefit from an osteotomy.     

Comparative investigations into microstructural and mechanical properties of as-cast and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated duplex steel (1.4517)

A methodology is presented that compares the microstructural and mechanical properties of as-cast and additive-made ferritic-austenitic duplex steel 1.4517. Microstructure of approximately equal amounts of ferrite and austenite measured in as-cast material could not be replicated in post heat-treated laser powder bed fusion samples after 30 min and 60 min of post heat treatment. This is attributed to nitrogen loss during powder atomization which left fewer austenite formers. Post-heat treated laser powder bed fusion samples of duplex structure had its austenite content repeatedly adjusted between 38 % and 40 %. As-built laser powder bed fusion tensile specimens which had a ferritic microstructure recorded high tensile and yield strength but had very poor elongation. Post heat-treated duplex laser powder bed fusion tensile specimen built in both horizontal and vertical orientations had good tensile and yield strength comparable to conventional casting processes; Tensile strength – 739 MPa (horizontal), 759 MPa (vertical); Yield strength (R_p0.2) – 489 MPa (horizontal), 525 MPa (vertical). The horizontally built duplex specimen had a very high elongation of 32 % than the vertical (11 %) or conventionally reported (22 %). This work establishes the 1.4517 duplex steel as a good candidate with good mechanical properties when processed by additive manufacturing.     

Sequence Controllers with Standard Hardware and Custom Firmware

A sequencing system that utilizes programming capability and bus-orinted, modular hardware replaces solid state or relay-based control logic with custom firmware.     

Advances in binary decision based programmable controllers

Binary decision automata are finite state machines that evaluate switching functions by means of decision rather than Boolean logic. The capability of binary decision machines (BDMs) to evaluate sequential functions is addressed by the authors. The BDM is shown to be less powerful than the deterministic finite automation (DFA) model from automata theory. However, an extended BDM with input control is shown to be equivalent to the DFA and thus can be used to implement finitely computable sequential functions. The use of a BDM finite automaton instead of a more general model is motivated on the basis of expected case time and space complexity analysis. A hardware design following from this analysis is described, and programming methods are discussed     

Programming Strategies In the Game of Push-Over

Strategies devised for playing games by computer can be extended to the solution of realworld problems. Here, the classic minimax strategy takes on a new challenger.     

Binary-Decision-Based Programmable Controllers

In certain applications, a microcomputer system employing one or more peripheral binary-decision-based controllers can react more quickly than a system using conventional microprocessor-based controllers.     

具有鲨鱼皮微观结构表面的铝合金件的铸造及应用

介绍一种生产尺寸达到1μm的三维功能表面的近净形铸件的精密铸造技术.通常,在金属表面形成功能微观结构的方法是激光烧蚀、电火花加工或者微铣削,但这些方法的生产效率低.采用精密铸造工艺来提高效率的方法,从具有激光微观结构的母模复制微观表面,主要研究精密铸造每一个步骤的造型精度.文中对AlSi7Mg0.3合金给出了蜡模制作,陶瓷型和型芯材料的适应性以及型壳的落砂性的实际结果.以赛车汽油发动机进气歧管为例,形成的鲨鱼皮形内表面可以减少进气阻力.进气歧管由具有规定内径的空气节流器组成,节流器内表面具有鲨鱼皮式沟槽结构,为此,内孔铸造后不能再进行钻加工,要求铸件精度非常高.介绍了具有精确微观结构铸件的制造和脱模技术,还考察了宏观铸件不同制型阶段的收缩特性以及微观沟槽结构.     

Temporal Ventriloquism: Sound Modulates the Flash-Lag Effect.

Asound presented in close temporal proximity to a visual stimulus can alter the perceived temporal dimensions of the visual stimulus (temporal ventriloquism). In this article, the authors demonstrate temporal ventriloquism in the flash-lag effect (FLE), a visual illusion in which a flash appears to lag relative to a moving object. In Experiment 1, the magnitude and the variability of the FLE were reduced, relative to a silent condition, when a noise burst was synchronized with the flash. In Experiment 2, the sound was presented before, at, or after the flash (± ～100 ms), and the size of the FLE varied linearly with the delay of the sound. These findings demonstrate that an isolated sound can sharpen the temporal boundaries of a flash and attract its temporal occurrence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Activation of embedded words in spoken word recognition.

Three cross-modal associative priming experiments investigated whether speech input activates words that are embedded in other words. When the embedded word corresponded to the final syllable of a bisyllabic carrier (boos, meaning angry embedded in framboos, meaning raspberry), facilitatory priming effects were observed for related targets of the embedded word. No effects were found when the end-embedded word did not start at the onset of a syllable (wijn meaning wine in zwijn meaning swine). Beginning-embedded words were activated only If the carrier was a nonword (vel meaning skin in velk), but not when the carrier was a word (vel in velg, meaning rim). The results support the joint operation of metric segmentation and lexical competition: Words are activated if their onset matches the onset of a strong syllable; words are then excluded on the basis of interword competition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)