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1.
Reliable methods of estimating doses are essential for the use of beta emitting radionuclides for radiotherapy. The passage of electrons through matter is a very complex phenomenon due to the large number of elastic and inelastic interactions resulting in scattering and energy losses. The analytical solution for the electron transport being intractable, the problem has been addressed by the Monte Carlo technique. Empirical or semiempirical less time consuming methods, such as the scaling factor method, may appear more preferable in practice when dealing with complicated source distributions. The method, proposed by Cross and co-workers [AECL Report Nos. AECL-1617 (1982), AECL 10521 (1992)] consists in the derivation of beta-ray dose distribution in other media from those in water by using a "scaling factor" or "relative attenuation factor" on distance and a closely related renormalization factor imposed by the energy conservation. This work investigates the accuracy of the scaling factor method using a statistical approach, a generalized chi 2 test, focusing on the particular case of potential interest, the scaling factor for water to bone. The direct comparison of the shapes of the depth dose deposition curves in the two media indicates discrepancies of less than 5% up to at least 60% of the range in bone, a depth within which 95% of the initial energy is deposited. The scaling factor derived by this method, 0.9720 +/- 0.0012, confirms the existing experimentally determined value of 0.973 +/- 1% [AECL Report No. AECL-10521 (1992)]. The accuracy of the determination is increased by almost a factor of 10. A way of improving the scaling method, especially for depth over the 60% continuous slowing down approximation range, by using a modulation function is also proposed. 相似文献
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曲堤油田Q104块沙四段属于河流相沉积体系,通过对研究区岩芯观察、铸体薄片、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、图像、粒度、岩芯常规测试以及测井二次解释成果等资料的分析,对储层岩石学特征、物性特征、孔隙类型及孔隙结构特征进行了详细的研究.储层岩石类型主要为灰、灰褐色粉、细长石岩屑或岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度都较低,以泥质胶结为主,粘土矿物主要为伊/蒙间层、高岭石、伊利石、绿泥石,是本区最主要的潜在敏感性.储层物性多属中孔低渗、高孔中渗,储层孔隙度和渗透率具有很好的正相关性.储层面孔率在8-13%左右,储集空间以原生粒间孔为主,孔隙结构较好,属中小孔、中细喉型孔隙结构,储层的最大连通孔喉半径、孔喉半径均值以及中值丰径与渗透率都有着较好的正相关性,渗透率与退汞效率具有很好的负相关性. 相似文献
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葡萄糖酸钠对萘系高效减水剂塑化水泥浆体流动性的影响(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了掺萘系高效减水剂浆体中同时掺入葡萄糖酸钠时,对水泥浆体流动性和流动性损失的影响。适量的葡萄糖酸钠可显著提高浆体初始流动度,并降低流动度损失。采用紫外分光光度计、zeta电位仪、X衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜测试了浆体对萘系高效减水剂的吸附量、水泥颗粒表面电位、水化产物钙矾石X衍射峰值强度和微观形貌。结果表明:在同等萘系高效减水剂掺量下,葡萄糖酸钠延缓了钙矾石的生成,并与萘系减水剂在水泥颗粒表面形成竞争吸附,导致了水化过程中萘系高效减水剂消耗量的降低,增加了高效减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的有效吸附量。 相似文献
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S.J. Patel 《金属学报(英文版)》2005,18(4)
1. IntroductionW hile w orldw ide environm entalrestrictionsare requiring pow ercom paniesto reduce SO x,N O x andCO 2 em issions, econom ic pressuresare sim ultaneously necessitating im provem entsin the therm aleffi-ciency ofallcoal-fired plants. A ddin… 相似文献
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WV Rago 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1977,82(2):145-148
A new method to measure gastric functions after meal-stimulation without infusion of bicarbonate into the stomach is presented. Six healthy volunteers were investigated after stimulation of the gastric functions with a 300-ml fluid test meal with and without cimetidine infusion. Cimetidine reduced the acid output substantially but had no effect on gastric emptying. 相似文献
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Low molecular weight dextran is frequently given to improve the flow of blood to the periphery, but its mode of action is uncertain. We measured the effect of an infusion of 500 ml of Dextran 40 on the peripheral resistance in 12 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery for atherosclerotic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery. After the infusion, values of packed cell volume and blood viscosity indicated haemodilution. There was a consistent increase in mean flow and a fall in peripheral resistance. There was no correlation between change in viscosity and change in peripheral resistance, but there was a good correlation between the percentage change in resistance and the initial resistance. This suggests that the increase in flow of blood was due to reflex vasodilatation rather than to any reduction in viscosity. 相似文献
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