Elektronenoptische und röntgenographische Untersuchung einer Eisenphosphat-Schutzschicht auf Eisen

Electron-optical and radiographical examination of a protective iron phosphate layer on iron The protective effect of a novel anticorrosive containing phosphoric acid has been examined for its dependence on mineralogical conditions. The base material contains, intro alia, phosphoric acid, potash mica, organic wetting agents and dyeing agents. Vivianite formation has been precluded by radiographic comparison with natural vivianite and with data quited in technical literature. The scraped protective layer was found to contain, apart from muscovite and α iron, dendritic formations which were observed under the electron microscope and identified, from their diffraction interferences, as cubic form of the potassium iron (III) phosphate leucophosphite \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ KFe_2 [OH(PO_4)_2] \cdot 2\ H_2 O. $\end{document} KFe₂[OH(PO₄)₂] · 2 H₂O. Precision zone diffraction diagrams of individual dendrites showed a_o = 7.75 ± 0.05 Å and the transmission directions [100]^X [010]^X [202]^X, identical to those observed with natural pharmacosiderite, an iron arsenate corresponding to leucophosphite. Natural and synthetic leucophosphite are monoclinic; if Fe³⁺ is replaced by Al³⁺, and (PO₄)^3? by (AsO₄)^3?, a cubic alumopharmacosiderite is formed. The formation is thereofore interpreted as a cubic modification of leucophosphite, corresponding to pharmacosideriote. A structure comparison shows the epitactic growth of the leucophosphite with [110] and [333] on α iron [100] and [111]. The presence of leucophosphite directly on the iron surface is proved by electron diffraction with grazing incidence of the electron ray.     

Validity of clinical judgments based on human figure drawings.

The literature establishes that clinicians have routinely been making diagnostic judgments based on techniques of equivocal validity. In a study considering clinical and experimental specifications for a suitable methodology, it was found that Draw-a-Person experts are capable of identifying mental defectives far beyond chance expectations. 4 remaining matched groups (schizophrenics, neurotics, homosexuals, and normals), however, were found not to be identifiable, even after the experts were permitted a 2nd chance to make a correct diagnosis. The expertness of the judges, as predicted from the ranks they were accorded by their peers, was unrelated to their actual performance. (31 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

R & D for accelerator magnets with react and wind high temperature superconductors

High temperature superconductors (HTS) have the potential to change the design and operation of future particle accelerators beginning with the design of high performance interaction regions. HTS offers two distinct advantages over conventional low temperature superconductors (LTS)-they retain a large fraction of their current carrying capacity (a) at high fields and (b) at elevated temperatures. The Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has embarked on a new R & D program for developing technology needed for building accelerator magnets with HTS. We have adopted a "React and Wind" approach to deal with the challenges associated with the demanding requirements of the reaction process. We have developed several "conductor friendly" designs to deal with the challenges associated with the brittle nature of HTS. We have instituted a rapid turn around program to understand and to develop this new technology in an experimental fashion. Several R & D coils and magnets with HTS tapes and "Rutherford" cables have been built and tested. We have recently performed field quality measurements to investigate issues related to the persistent currents. In this paper, we report the results to date and plans and possibilities for the future.     

A dynamic approach for evaluating parameters in a numerical method

A new methodology for evaluating unknown parameters in a numerical method for solving a partial differential equation is developed. The main result is the identification of a functional form for the parameters which is derived by requiring the numerical method to yield ‘optimal’ solutions over a set of finite‐dimensional function spaces. The functional depends upon the numerical solution, the forcing function, the set of function spaces, and the definition of the optimal solution. It does not require exact or approximate analytical solutions of the continuous problem, and is derived from an extension of the variational Germano identity. This methodology is applied to the one‐dimensional, linear advection–diffusion problem to yield a non‐linear dynamic diffusivity method. It is found that this method yields results that are commensurate to the SUPG method. The same methodology is then used to evaluate the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity for the large eddy simulation of the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence in three dimensions. In this case the resulting method is found to be more accurate than the constant‐coefficient and the traditional dynamic versions of the Smagorinsky model. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.