Observations on the oral organelle,cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp.

We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the oral organelle, cytopharynx, and subpellicular structure of a Dileptus sp. The main results were as follows: (a) the cytostome was located on the ventral surface of the base of the beak, surrounded by a periportal matrix that integrated 135 microtube bundles. When these microtube bundles contract, radially arranged into a disk, the cytostome was closed. When these microtube bundles were stretch, they fell into the cytostome and opens. The diameter of the cytostome was about 16 μm regardless of its closure or opening, indicating that the contraction or elongation of these microtube bundles did not change the size of the cytostome, which was only related to whether it blocked the cytostome, thus determining the opening and closing of the cytostome. There were many microtube bundles on two sides of the feeding trough, which could widen or narrow the feeding trough and facilitate beak feeding. (b) The cytopharynx was basket‐like without a bottom with a diameter of about 6 μm and was woven from two kind fibers about 0.08 and 0.19 μm. (c) There were two types of extrusomes under the pellicle. Using transmission electron microscopy，the Type I extrusomes showed narrow and long egg shape, its cross section was circular which is composed by various electronic density of concentric. Using the scanning electron microscope, they were two slightly thin clavate, the length was about 5 μm, the diameter of the middle section was about 0.75 μm, and the diameter of the two ends was about 0.32 μm, they were distributed abundantly between the microtubule fasciculi which were located on both sides of the gap on the feeding groove. Using transmission electron microscopy, the Type II extrusomes showed egg shape. Using the scanning electron microscopy, they were about 1.6 × 0.8 μm in size, they were distributed abundantly under the body pellicle while rarely the proboscis. In addition, many different of developmental stages two types of extrusomes could be also seen in the cytoplasm. (d) There were very well‐developed fibrous systems under the pellicle that were woven from fibers about 0.14 μm in diameter that attached to the pellicle and bound some organelles in the cytoplasm (e.g., mitochondria, extrusomes) and other structures to the cytoplasm and maintained cell morphology. The results of this study not only supplement and enrich the morphological contents of the Dileptus sp., but also provide the basis for the study of the taxonomy of the Dileptus sp. It also provides a new method for researchers to explore the morphology and structure of ciliate cells under the cortex by SEM.     

Hydrogel photocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and environmental treatment

Photocatalysts have attracted great research interest owing to their excellent properties and potential for simultaneously addressing challenges related to energy needs and environmental pollution. Photocatalytic particles need to be in contact with their respective media to exhibit efficient photocatalytic performances. However, it is difficult to separate nanometer-sized photocatalytic materials from reaction media later, which may lead to secondary pollution and a poor recycling performance. Hydrogel photocatalysts with a three-dimensional (3D) network structures are promising support materials for photocatalysts based on features such as high specific surface areas and adsorption capacities and good environmental compatibility. In this review, hydrogel photocatalysts are classified into two different categories depending on their elemental composition and recent progresses in the methods for preparing hydrogel photocatalysts are summarized. Moreover, current applications of hydrogel photocatalysts in energy conversion and environmental remediation are reviewed. Furthermore, a comprehensive outlook and highlight future challenges in the development of hydrogel photocatalysts are presented.     

吉拉克凝析气田地面工艺技术

吉拉克凝析气田的井流物来源及井流物组分在同类气田中最为复杂。针对须同时处理三叠系、石炭系和吉南4这3个不同地质层系的井物流的的问题,在集中处理站的设计中,分别采用了丙烷辅助致冷与膨胀机致冷相结合的方法和J-T阀节流致冷两种不同的凝析气处理工艺。论述了吉拉克凝析气田地面工程方案及设计方法的优化方法,并阐述了设计系数的选取、设计成果的验证等内容。     

嵌入式数字智能涡街流量计的设计开发

针对目前涡街流重计存在精度不高的问题，采用Toeplitz自相关矩阵近似的准牛顿算法，对涡街传感器输出信号进行数字信号处理。针对客户超低功耗的要求，开发设计以超低功耗的混合信号处理器(MSP430F149)为微处理器，以采用KS0713为控制器的LCD为液晶显示模块，符合HART总线协议的嵌入式智能涡街流量计。     

Mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) extraction by calix[4]arene carboxylic acid using a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow

BACKGROUND: Thermodynamics and kinetics data are both important to explain the extraction property. In order to develop a novel separation technology superior to current extraction systems, many promising extractants have been developed including calixarene carboxylic acids. The extraction thermodynamics behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acids has been reported extensively. In this study, the mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) and the interfacial behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acid were investigated. RESULTS: The rate constant (K_ao) becomes constant when the stirring speed was controlled between 250 rpm and 400 rpm. The activation energy (E_a) was calculated to be 21·41 kJ mol^?1 or 88·17 kJ mol^?1 (dependent on temperature) from the slope of log K_ao against 1000/T. The linear relationship between the specific area and the extraction rate is the characteristic of an interfacial reaction control. The minimum bulk concentration of the extractant necessary to saturate the interface (C_min) is lower than 4·19 × 10^?4 mol L^?1. CONCLUSION: The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and species concentration on the extraction rate demonstrates that the extraction regime depends on the extraction conditions. The chemical reaction control governs the extraction regime at temperatures below 303 K and a mixed control regime occurs when the temperature is between 303 K and 318 K. The probable locale for the chemical reaction is at the liquid–liquid interface and the rate equation is deduced to be: ? d[Nd³⁺]_(a)/dt = k_f[Nd³⁺]_(a)[H₄A]_(o)^0·727[H⁺]_(a)^?0·978. The rate‐controlling step was suggested by the analysis of the experimental results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

三峡永久船闸人字门启闭机设计

三峡永久船闸人字门具有运行边界条件复杂，运行水头和淹没水深巨大的特点。在我国大型船闸上采用液压机构操作人字闸门尚属首次。通过分析人字门运行动水阻力矩的大小和变化规律，研究人字门液压启闭机构的运行方式及整体稳定等关键技术，对永久船闸人字六门启闭机构设备进行了一系列的设计优化。对船闸的安全运行和经济效益有着重要意义，亦对今后我国高水头船闸启闭设备的设计和应用提供参考。     

GaAs亚微米自对准工艺技术研究

总结了在５０ｍｍＧａＡｓ圆片上实现自对准介质膜隔离等平面工艺技术的研究，着重描述了离子注入、自对准亚微米难熔栅制备、钝化介质膜生长、干法刻蚀、电阻和电容制备等关键工艺的研究结果。这套工艺的均匀性、重复性好，在５０ｍｍＧａＡｓ圆片上获得了满意的成品率。采用这套工艺已成功地研制出多种性能良好的ＧａＡｓＩＣ和ＧａＡｓ功率ＭＥＳＦＥＴ，证明国家自然科学基金委员会这一重大课题的选择对发展我国ＧａＡｓＩＣ确实具有重大意义。     

近视患者SMILE手术前后的对比敏感度分析

在飞秒激光微切口基质透镜摘除(SMILE)手术的前后,测试患者在暗环境下的对比敏感度,对视觉质量的变化进行评估.随机选取中高度近视患者20名(40只眼),均执行标准SMILE手术.在术前与术后一个月时使用多维视觉功能精度仪测试患者在暗环境下的对比敏感度.结果显示:术前对比敏感度函数曲线下面积小于1时,术后一个月中高度近视组对比敏感度均上升;术前对比敏感度函数曲线下面积大于1时,术后一个月中高度近视组对比敏感度均下降.因此,无论是球镜度数小于600度的中低度数近视患者,还是球镜度数大于600度的高度近视患者,当SMILE手术前对比敏感度函数曲线下面积小于1时,术后视觉质量均会提升;术前对比敏感度函数曲线下面积大于1时,术后视觉质量均会下降.     

基于恒等映射CNN的高压断路器机械故障诊断方法

为提升高压断路器机械故障识别效果,增强诊断方法的泛化性,提出基于恒等映射卷积神经网络(CNN)的高压断路器机械故障诊断方法.利用多个加速度传感器全方位获取断路器的振动信息;设计基于恒等映射卷积神经网络的故障诊断模型,信号经下采样、数据拼接等预处理手段输入,由模型综合分析各传感器信号特征并识别故障.该模型在网络结构上增加首尾直连通道,与以往研究使用的CNN相比,缓解了梯度消失问题,验证集故障识别率由96％左右提升至100％.与人工提取特征的方法相比,该方法能够自主提取故障特征信息.与其他方法的对比试验结果表明,相比提取差异区间幅值和、配合加权支持向量机识别的传统模型,以及不含恒等映射结构的卷积神经网络模型,该文提出的方法在不同严重程度故障的情况下诊断准确率依然能够达到100％,泛化性更好.     

高浓度难降解有机废水湿式氧化可行性研究

选择四种高浓度难降解有机废水,在2L高压间歇反应釜中,研究了湿式氧化效果与技术可行性。结果表明:从氧化的容易程度来看,乳化液废水>丙硫咪唑废水>甲胺磷废水>分散蓝废水;各废水湿式氧化后可生化性得到显著改善;Cu2+有不同程度的催化作用;甲胺磷废水和丙硫咪唑废水对不锈钢反应釜腐蚀严重,乳化液废水最适宜湿式氧化。反应温度显著影响废水湿式氧化效果,温度越高氧化率越高。