Ketamine effects on the urogenital system--changes in the urinary bladder and sperm motility

Different doses of ketamine (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg) were injected i.p. (I.P.), respectively, to male ICR mice to determine the optimal dosage for chronic administration. At and above 40 mg/kg I.P. injection, mice had almost no hindlimb movement during swimming test. Subsequently, 30 mg/kg was used as the dose for the study in the toxicity of long-term ketamine administration on urinary bladder and sperm motility. The treatment group were subdivided into two (n = 10 each group); one received daily ketamine treatment i.p. for 3 months and another group for 6 months. Corresponding number of mice in control groups (n = 5 each group) received saline injection instead of ketamine. Terminal dUTP nick and labeling (TUNEL) study and Sirius red staining were carried out on the sectioned slides of the urinary bladders to study the degree of apoptosis in both epithelium and muscular layers of the urinary bladder and the relative thickness of the muscular layers in this organ was also computed. Apoptosis in the bladder epithelium was observed initially in the 3-month ketamine treated mice and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the 3-month and 6-month ketamine treated mice and the control. The relative thickness of muscular layers in the bladder wall also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) when the 6-month treated mice and the control were compared. Sirius red staining revealed increase of collagen in the urinary bladder of the treated mice, most evidently 6 months after ketamine treatment. In addition, the sperm motility was studied and there was a statistically significant difference between the control and ketamine treated groups in the percentages of sperms which were motile (P < 0.05). This suggested that the chronic administration of ketamine affected the genital system as well.     

一种可编程ExpressCard解决方案

ExpressCard模块是由PCMCIA推出的一种更薄、更快、更轻的抽屉式插卡,用以取代现有的PC卡和CardBus模块,主要用于笔记本计算机后继市场中的功能性升级和扩展.同样,ExpressCard模块最初旨在服务于笔记本计算机后继市场(图1a).     

入口旋流对均一粒径液滴喷雾干燥塔影响的数值模拟

均一粒径液滴喷雾干燥塔（MDSD）在生产均匀尺寸颗粒产品中发挥着较大优势,进一步优化其干燥过程操作尤为重要。集成离散相（DPM）和反应工程法（REA）干燥方法,通过耦合分散室和主干燥室模型,本研究开发了完整的MDSD三维计算流体力学模型。并系统探究了在干燥过程中分散气旋流、热空气旋流以及二者共同旋流对颗粒运动和最终干燥效果的影响。模拟结果表明,在30°入射角下加入旋流效果最优。同时引入分散室和干燥室旋流后发现,同向旋流比反向旋流带来的干燥效果提升2%,更比无旋流操作下的干燥效果提升30%。欲达到同样的干燥效果,引入同向旋流,塔身可缩短近12%。     

Voltammetric measurement in supercritical CO2 utilizing a water-in-CO2 microemulsion

A novel method for voltammetric measurement in supercritical CO2 is described. In this method a water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion is utilized to raise the conductivity of the fluid phase. Well-defined voltammograms for the redox reactions of ferrocene and tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine were obtained in supercritical CO2 in the presence of the microemulsion. The electrolysis product is stabilized in the water core of the microemulsion. This implies a wide range of electrochemical synthesis involving ionic or radical species in supercritical CO2 may be possible utilizing the microemulsion. The electrochemical results obtained from the water-in-supercritical CO2 microemulsion system are different from that obtained from a supercritical CO2-ethanol mixture system.     

An adaptive fuzzy-neural-network controller for ultrasonic motor drive using the LLCC resonant technique

In this study an adaptive fuzzy-neural-network controller (AFNNC) is proposed to control a rotary traveling wave-type ultrasonic motor (USM) drive system. The USM is derived by a newly designed, high frequency, two-phase voltage source inverter using two inductances and two capacitances (LLCC) resonant technique. Then, because the dynamic characteristics of the USM are complicated and the motor parameters are time varying, an AFNNC is proposed to control the rotor position of the USM. In the proposed controller, the USM drive system is identified by a fuzzy-neural-network identifier (FNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to an adaptive controller. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the FNNI on line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the FNNI and the optimal learning rate of the adaptive controller. In addition, the effectiveness of the adaptive fuzzy-neural-network (AFNN) controlled USM drive system is demonstrated by some experimental results.     

Modification of SiO2 nanowires with metallic nanocrystals from supercritical CO2

Through hydrogen reduction of metal precursors in supercritical CO2, Cu, and Pd, nanocrystals were deposited onto SiO2 nanowires to form different types of nanostructured materials, including nanocrystal-nanowire, spherical aggregation-nanowire, shell-nanowire composites, and "mesoporous" metals supported by the framework of nanowires. This supercritical fluid deposition technique is an attractive approach for modifying nanowires because of its generality and simplicity; the modified nanowires could be useful as catalysts and for further fabrication of multifunctional composites.     

符合装置-微计算机测量系统的建立及应用

建立了符合装置-微计算机测量系统,实现了测量数据的自动获取与处理,广泛地适用于不同衰变类型核素放射性活度的绝对测量。     

适合集成电路生产的SIMOX SOI

由于SIMOX SOI(氧离子注入隔离绝缘体上硅膜材料)能很好地满足当今的集成电路要求,并能同传统的集成电路制造兼容,它越来越广泛地用于集成电路(IC)的生产。本文介绍SIMOX的这些特性及其当前的应用。     

~(241)Am标准溶液研制及比对测量

本文系统地研究了~(241)Am的分离、纯化、溶液组成及其稳定性、制源技术和放射性活度绝对测量等问题。由此建立了生产~(241)Am放射性标准溶液的方法,并于1975年起向计量、科研、生产、环保和学校等有关部门提供产品,使用情况良好。1983年又提供国防科工委系统和计量分院进行了比对测量,我们的测量结果在0.2%误差范围内同各单位测量结果平均值相一致。这些都表明本文提供的方法是正确的,由此得到的~(241)Am标准溶液是准确可靠和稳定的。完全符合放射性计量标准的要求。     

A REVIEW OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN THE PEARL RIVER ESTUARY

Since 70‘s, the economy and society in the Pearl River Delta region have been undergoing a great development. Pollution control and environment protection have received much public attention. As heavy metals are an important toxic pollutant source in this area and are not biodegradable in general, a lot of scientists in China, especially in Southern China, devote their focus on studying the pollution caused by heavy metals in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). This paper presents a comprehensive review on the heavy metal pollution research and its related research in this area. It is suggested that the study of heavy metal pollution in PRE should be coupled with water movement, sediment motion and tidal characteristics in this region. Studying core sediments in various locations is recommended to reveal the history of heavy metal pollution in PRE and improve the understanding of the fate and transport of metals.