Fuel analyses and rank determination of the Egyptian Maghara main coal seam,north central Sinai,Egypt

Three geologic sections along the main coal seam (MCS) of the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Safa Formation of Maghara mine are examined. Samples collected have been studied. The fuel analyses of coal samples were conducted to determine their Rank characteristic. Fuel analysis classified the studied Maghara MCS as high grade coal, medium rank (D) of para-bituminous class based on its average values of ash content 7.1% (dry-base; d.b), gross calorific value (29 Mj/kg; moist ash free) and random vitrinite reflectance 0.43%. Synonym nomenclature of the studied Maghara coal based to ASTM classification is high volatile (C) class of bituminous group with agglomerating character attributed to their values of gross calorific value 30 Mj/kg-(moist-mineral-matter-free; mmmf), fixed carbon 45% (dry-mineral-matter-free; dmmf) and volatile matter 54.8% dmmf. Elemental ratio of H/C versus O/C indicate that majority of the studied Maghara coal samples occupy the area of vitrinite genesis pathway on Van-Krevelen diagram, and within the area of per-hydrous in Seyler chart of dominated anoxic condition. Studied coal seam is a type III kerogen corresponding to humic characteristic, within the immature and mature zones of coalification.     

Simulation of storage ring injection of HLS Ⅱ

The Hefei light source(HLS) has been upgraded into HLS II, with increased brightness and stability. In this paper, the new injection system is described. Elegant program is used to simulate the particles motion in 6D phase space. In the process of tracking simulation of electrons, the system tolerances and magnet errors are introduced. Influences to the injection efficiency from beam injection deviation are studied. These provide important reference for realizing the Top-up injection.     

Valuation of chloride salts and their mixtures in coal flotation without collector

Scarce of good quality water for processing especially in the surrounding area of the mining sites dictates searching for new water resources. One of the available solutions is saline water as a flotation medium particularly in the regions close to the sea. Using the saline water, the most likely, enhances the flotation of naturally hydrophobic coal particles. Therefore, in this study, MgCl₂, NaCl, and CaCl₂ were tested for coal flotation and for reducing its ash content. The coal sample was characterized by size analysis as well as proximate and ultimate analyses to determine the ash content, volatile matter, moisture, and fixed carbon. Flotation experiments were conducted using salts either separately or in a mixture. The statistical design was mainly used to study the main effect of each salt as well as the interactive effects of binary and tertiary mixtures. The results showed that the MgCl_2, as a single salt, is the best among the used salts in decreasing the ash percentage. On the other hand, the binary and tertiary mixtures negatively affect the ash removal especially when the CaCl₂ is present in the mixture. Therefore, the usage of saline water in flotation depends on its composition in terms of salts concentration, especially the presence of Ca-containing salts.     

Developed mathematical technique for fractional stochastic point kinetics model in nuclear reactor dynamics

Fractional stochastic kinetics equations have proven to be valuable tools for the point reactor kinetics model, where the nuclear reactions are not fully described by deterministic relations. A fractional stochastic model for the point kinetics system with multi-group of precursors,including the effect of temperature feedback, has been developed and analyzed. A major mathematical and inflexible scheme to the point kinetics model is obtained by merging the fractional and stochastic technique. A novel split-step method including mathematical tools of the Laplace transforms, Mittage–Leffler function, eigenvalues of the coefficient matrix, and its corresponding eigenvectors have been used for the fractional stochastic matrix differential equation. The validity of the proposed technique has been demonstrated via calculations of the mean and standard deviation of neutrons and precursor populations for various reactivities: step, ramp, sinusoidal, and temperature reactivity feedback. The results of the proposed method agree well with the conventional one of the deterministic point kinetics equations.