We analysed the ground deformation across two blocks defined by the Rio-Patras fault from 1993 to 2017 using multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques. Our main objective was to contribute to the assessment of seismic hazard near the large city of Patras. Multiple data-sets were used, each one covering different temporal periods. Descending and ascending acquisitions, providing different viewing geometries contribute to fully determine the ground displacement in 3D. The data-sets used are from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) European Remote Sensing (ERS), Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) and SENTINEL-1 as well as German Aerospace Center (DLR) ’s TERRASAR-X missions. Considering ESA’s missions covering both acquisition geometries and long periods, the southern block, showing lack of a sufficient number of scatterers does not allow the displacement characterization. In contrary, the northern block is characterized by a high number of scatterers having values of maximum likehood ranging from ?3.5 to ?4.3 mm year?1 for ascending geometry and from ?1.6 to ?2.7 mm year?1 for the descending one. The fact that both geometries show negative values of displacements are consistent with downlift movement and at the same time the quantitative differentiation probably indicates an horizontal component as well. 相似文献
By distinguishing among mobile and immobile dislocations and operating within the framework of continuum mechanics it is possible to derive a set of partial differential equations of the diffusion-reaction type for the evolution of dislocation species. On examining the competition between gradient dependent terms modelling the motion of dislocations and nonlinear terms modelling their interactions, it is shown that stable solutions are possible. The wavelength turns out to be a material property in agreement with observations. The discussion is limited to one dimension, that is to glide of straight dislocations in the slip direction, and the model corresponds physically to the ladder-like structure of persistent slip bands. 相似文献
Infrared and UV–vis studies of metallocene immobilization on silica are reported here. The results have indicated changes in the Zr coordination sphere of metallocene depending on the immobilization route used. The reaction of [(Cp)2ZrCl2] with silica formed [(Cp)2ZrCl]+[SiO]− species. The same metallocene, reacting with TMA modified silica, formed monomethylated and dimethylated species by the substitution of chloro for methyl ligands, stabilized on the surface by interaction with “MAO-like” species (methylaluminoxane, MAO). These monomethylated and dimethylated cationic zirconium species are the active centers for the polymerization reaction. Different order of TMA addition in the silica modification step generated surface species of a similar nature, differing in their relative quantities. The highest amount of these active species was obtained when the support was added to the TMA solution rather than adding the TMA solution to the silica support. This was the most significant parameter affecting catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization. 相似文献
In the present work, the composition of H- 13 tool steel was modified with respect to the vanadium content to include an addition
of niobium to obtain improved austenite grain size control without altering the tempering response of the steel. Optical metallography
and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of extraction replicas showed that the new steel had a smaller austenite
grain size and a finer carbide size distribution than the vanadium steel, which indicates a higher potential toughness. 相似文献
Administered at a suitably low dose, the toxin streptozotocin (STZ) can trigger an autoimmune process leading to destruction of the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets. In this study, we examined specific immunological reactions in mice before and during the development of STZ-induced autoimmune diabetes. We now report that the development of spontaneous autoantibodies to insulin can serve as a marker of susceptibility to a low dose of STZ. Susceptible male mice of the C57BL/KsJ strain manifested such anti-insulin antibodies, and resistant female mice did not. Administration of a low dose of STZ (five daily doses each of 30 mg/kg) induced transient hyperglycemia approximately 20-30 days later, which temporarily remitted but was followed by intractable diabetes approximately 2.5 months later. The diabetogenic process triggered by the low dose of STZ was associated with an increase in the level of anti-insulin antibodies bearing the Dana and Micha (DM) idiotype, later followed by the appearance of anti-idiotypic antibodies that peaked before the onset of diabetes. Antibodies and T-cells reactive to hsp60 (heat shock protein) were triggered by the low-dose STZ administration and persisted throughout the period that preceded clinical diabetes. T-cells reactive to the p277 peptide of hsp60 were also observed. Finally, active immunization to hsp60 caused transient hyperglycemia by itself and also aggravated the hyperglycemia induced by low-dose STZ. Thus, autoantibodies to insulin can indicate susceptibility to a toxic trigger of diabetes, and a low dose of a toxin can activate the insulin and hsp60 autoimmunity that has been detected previously in the spontaneous autoimmune diabetes of NOD strain mice. 相似文献
This paper proposes an improved version of a recently proposed modified simulated annealing algorithm (MSAA) named as an improved MSAA (I-MSAA) to tackle the size optimization of truss structures with frequency constraint. This kind of problem is problematic because its feasible region is non-convex while the boundaries are highly non-linear. The main motivation is to improve the exploitative behavior of MSAA, taking concept from water wave optimization metaheuristic (WWO). An interesting concept of WWO is its breaking operation. Thirty functions extracted from the CEC2014 test suite and four benchmark truss optimization problems with frequency constraints are explored for the validity of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results indicate that I-MSAA is more reliable, stable and efficient than those found by other existing metaheuristics in the literature.
The application of cross‐corpus for speech emotion recognition (SER) via domain adaptation methods have gain high acknowledgment for developing good robust emotion recognition systems using different corpora or datasets. However, the issue of cross‐lingual still remains a challenge in SER and needs more attention to resolve the scenario of applying different language types in both training and testing. In this paper, we propose a triple attentive asymmetric convolutional neural network to address the recognition of emotions for cross‐lingual and cross‐corpus speech in an unsupervised approach. The proposed method adopts the joint supervision of softmax loss and center loss to learn high power discriminative feature representations for target domain via the use of high quality pseudo‐labels. The proposed model uses three attentive convolutional neural networks asymmetrically, where two of the networks are used to artificially label unlabeled target samples as a result of their predictions from training on source labeled samples and the other network is used to obtain salient target discriminative features from the pseudo‐labeled target samples. We evaluate our proposed method on three different language types (i.e., English, German, and Italian) data sets. The experimental results indicate that, our proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy over other state‐of‐the‐art methods. 相似文献
Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are of great research interest for their role in cancer cell metabolism and their potential ability to transport pharmacologically relevant compounds across the membrane. Each member of the MCT family could potentially provide novel therapeutic approaches to various diseases. The major differences among MCTs are related to each of their specific metabolic roles, their relative substrate and inhibitor affinities, the regulation of their expression, their intracellular localization, and their tissue distribution. MCT4 is the main mediator for the efflux of L-lactate produced in the cell. Thus, MCT4 maintains the glycolytic phenotype of the cancer cell by supplying the molecular resources for tumor cell proliferation and promotes the acidification of the extracellular microenvironment from the co-transport of protons. A promising therapeutic strategy in anti-cancer drug design is the selective inhibition of MCT4 for the glycolytic suppression of solid tumors. A small number of studies indicate molecules for dual inhibition of MCT1 and MCT4; however, no selective inhibitor with high-affinity for MCT4 has been identified. In this study, we attempt to approach the structural characteristics of MCT4 through an in silico pipeline for molecular modelling and pharmacophore elucidation towards the identification of specific inhibitors as a novel anti-cancer strategy. 相似文献