Swelling of steels and alloys irradiated in the BOR-60 reactor to a fluence of 1.1·1023 neutrons/cm2

Conclusions The structure created by preliminary treatment has a strong influence on the swelling, the nature of pore generation, the dislocation density, and the phase composition of 0Kh16N15M3B steel. The greatest reduction in swelling was produced by 20% cold deformation, which at a high dislocation density led to a sharp refinement of the pores and lamellar precipitations.The lamellar phases precipitated in steels of the Kh16N15 type during the irradiation after special alloying or preliminary treatment do not always determine the nature of the generation and growth of vacancy pores.At a temperature of 460 and 550°C the swelling of nickel is less by a factor of about 3, and the swelling of iron is less by a factor of about 10, than the swelling of austenized 0Kh16N15M3B steel.The least swelling was found in the Kh77TYu alloy (with 77% nickel), which before irradiation contained -phase pre-precipitations, whereas the swelling of alloys with 40 and 60% nickel is 100 times as great. From this it is clear that the nickel content is not the only factor determining the swelling.Journal version of a report delivered at the Conference on the Study of Reactor Materials (Alushta, 1978).Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 433–439, December, 1978.     

The effects of irradiation on solids

A short survey is given of the reports on the effects of radiation on solids that were given at the Second International Conference on the Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy (Geneva, 1958). Consideration is given to the experimental work devoted to quantitative estimates of radiation damage, and also to questions of the action of neutron radiation on fissionable materials (uranium, plutonium, and certain alloys of these metals). New data are presented on the effect of very high burnups (up to 2 atom per cent) on the size and shape of units made of uranium and its alloys, and also on the increase of volume (swelling) of uranium units under the action of radiation. Detailed attention is also given to data on studies of uranium alloy with 9 per cent of molybdenum by weight, and also of pure uranium, which give evidence of high mobility of the atoms in uranium and its alloys under irradiation. Data are presented on the effects of temperature and of radiation dosage, and also on a number of other factors, on the mechanical properties of steels and other construction materials. Results are presented from studies of the effects of irradiation on nonmetallic materials: BeO, UO₂-BeO and UO₂ThO₂ mixtures, graphite, and so on.     

Deformation systems of α-zirconium

The deformation systems of -zirconium iodide have been studied in coarse-grained polycrystalline specimens deformed by upsetting. The orientation of the grains was determined from Laue patterns obtained in a special back-reflection camera using a small-diameter beam. The indices of the deformation systems were determined by the two-surface method and by the pole locus method.It was found that -zirconium is deformed by slip along the plane in the direction and along the plane. A number of twinning systems have been discovered In -zirconium: a) K₁ , 1 , K₁ , ₂ and s=0.173; b) K₁ , ₂ [1126], K₂ (0001), ₂ [1120] and s=0.629; c) K₁ (1122), ₁ [1123] and in one case, d) K₁ , ₁ .     

Behavior of helium in aluminum under the conditions of hydrostatic compression

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 42–43, July, 1989.