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1.
Peter?S.?Piispanen Marcus?Persson Per?Claesson Torbj?rn?NorinEmail author 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2004,7(2):147-159
Several novel and some previously known, mostly sugar-based, surfactants have been synthesized and some of their surface properties
have been characterized and compared with those of commercial nonylphenol ethoxylates. The surfactant solubility in water,
ethanol, and dodecane was studied. The properties of these compounds as emulsification agents in systems composed of the surfactant
with water/isopropyl myristate, water/rapeseed oil, and water/dodecane are presented. The aqueous solubility of the surfactants
follows the general trend expected from their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance according to Griffin (HLBG), but it is also clear
that the nature of the headgroup and the structure of the nonpolar part affect the solubility in a manner not aptured in the
standard HLBG concept. An ester or amine group as the connecting unit between the hydrophile and the hydrophobe produces a
more water-soluble surfactant than the corresponding amide derivative. Some effective emulsifiers were found. For instance,
the surfactants with a dehydroabietic nonpolar group appear to be promosing emulsifiers. Most sugar-based surfactants were
able to form macroemulsions of up to around 2 wt/vol% of oil. The stability of many of these amulsions was very high, extending
for months. 相似文献
2.
Atle Wibe Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson Monika Persson Torbjörn Norin Hanna Mustaparta 《Journal of chemical ecology》1998,24(2):273-287
The enantiomeric composition of seven monoterpene hydrocarbons in headspace volatiles of spruce sawdust and seedlings (Picea abies), pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris), and branches of juniper (Juniperus communis) was determined by gas chromatographic separation on a -Cyclodextrin column. For the six monoterpenes, -pinene, camphene, -pinene, sabinene, limonene, and -phellandrene, both enantiomers were present, whereas for 3-carene only the (+)-configuration was found. The amount of each enantiomer varied considerably both in relation to total amount of all of them, and for the six pairs also in relation to the opposite enantiomer. One olfactory receptor neuron in the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) showed a strong response to -pinene when stimulated with all four headspace materials via a GC equipped with a DB-WAX column. The same neuron was subsequently tested with repeated stimulations via the GC effluent containing the (+)- or (–)-enantiomer. A marked better response to (+)- than to (–)--pinene was elicited. Another olfactory receptor neuron that responded strongly to limonene when stimulated with the spruce volatiles was tested for enantiomers of limonene. This neuron responded more strongly to (–)- than to (+)-limonene, when stimulated alternately with each of the limonene enantiomers. Discrimination between enantiomers by plant olfactory receptor neurons suggests that the enantiomeric ratios of volatile compounds may be important in host location by the pine weevil. 相似文献
3.
We have implemented a compiler for key parts of Modelica, an object-oriented language supporting equation-based modeling and simulation of complex physical systems. The compiler is extensible, to support experiments with emerging tools for physical models. To achieve extensibility, the implementation is done declaratively in JastAdd, a metacompilation system supporting modern attribute grammar mechanisms such as reference attributes and nonterminal attributes.This paper reports on experiences from this implementation. For name and type analyses, we illustrate how declarative design strategies, originally developed for a Java compiler, could be reused to support Modelica’s advanced features of multiple inheritance and structural subtyping. Furthermore, we present new general design strategies for declarative generation of target ASTs from source ASTs. We illustrate how these strategies are used to resolve a generics-like feature of Modelica called modifications, and to support flattening, a fundamental part of Modelica compilation. To validate that the approach is practical, we have compared the execution speed of our compiler to two existing Modelica compilers. 相似文献
4.
Vik T Heitz F Charbonnier P 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》2007,29(5):901-905
We present an original appearance model that generalizes the usual Gaussian visual subspace model to non-Gaussian and nonparametric distributions. It can be useful for the modeling and recognition of images under difficult conditions such as large occlusions and cluttered backgrounds. Inference under the model is efficiently solved using the mean shift algorithm 相似文献
5.
Peter?S.?Piispanen Bj?rn?Hedman Torbj?rn?NorinEmail author 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2002,5(2):165-168
The syntheses of derivatives of dehydroabietic acid suitable for further manipulation into surfactants are presented. The
compounds are produced at very high yields and purity. They contain several different functional groups, e.g., carboxylic
acid, amine, ester, alcohol, and an aromatic group. The functional groups are useful as the linking unit to the hydrophilic
part in synthesizing surfactants. 相似文献
6.
Torbj?rn Eltoft 《IEEE transactions on image processing》2005,14(11):1722-1735
In this paper, we introduce a new statistical distribution for modeling non-Rayleigh amplitude statistics, which we have called the Rician inverse Gaussian (RiIG) distribution. It is a mixture of the Rice distribution and the inverse Gaussian distribution. The probability density function (pdf) is given in closed form as a function of three parameters. This makes the pdf very flexible in the sense that it may be fitted to a variety of shapes, ranging from the Rayleigh-shaped pdf to a noncentral chi2-shaped pdf. The theoretical basis of the new model is quite thoroughly discussed, and we also give two iterative algorithms for estimating its parameters from data. Finally, we include some modeling examples, where we have tested the ability of the distribution to represent locale amplitude histograms of linear medical ultrasound data and single-look synthetic aperture radar data. We compare the goodness of fit of the RiIG model with that of the K model, and, in most cases, the new model turns out as a better statistical model for the data. We also include a series of log-likelihood tests to evaluate the predictive performance of the proposed model. 相似文献
7.
Hemmendorff M Andersson MT Kronander T Knutsson H 《IEEE transactions on medical imaging》2002,21(12):1536-1543
We present a method for accurate image registration and motion compensation in multidimensional signals, such as two-dimensional (2-D) X-ray images and three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging volumes. The method is based on phase from quadrature filters, which makes it robust to noise and temporal intensity variations. The method is equally applicable to signals of two, three or higher number of dimensions. We use parametric models, e.g., affine models, finite elements or local affine models with global regularization. Experimental results show high accuracy for 2-D and 3-D motion compensation. 相似文献
8.
9.
Torbjörn Ström† 《控制论与系统》2013,44(1):27-48
Abstract The electrical activity of the brain produces a signal which in general is a non-stationary process. Nevertheless stationary Gaussian models are used successfully to characterize the signal in short sections without obvious non-stationarities. However, it has been observed that the characterization of the signal differs more between separate sections than may be explained using a stationary Gaussian model. In this paper a stationary but non-Gaussian process model of EEG is developed and analyzed. It is shown that for a given measurement time estimates of the autocorrelation function and the power spectrum are less accurate for this process than for the corresponding process in a Gaussian model. Upper limits for the increase in the variance of the estimates are given. The process has been simulated on a digital computer and the experimental results verify the theoretical properties. 相似文献
10.
Jon Gabrielsson Michael Sjöström Nils-Olof Lindberg Ann-Christin Pihl Torbjörn Lundstedt 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》2013,39(3):297-307
ABSTRACTA total of 45 experiments were carried out to evaluate the robustness of two similar tablet formulations—a product of two strengths—with respect to normal batch-to-batch variation of the excipients and the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The formulations consist of 10 ingredients. Because of the differing amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the two formulations also differ in the amounts of two of the diluents and one of the binders. The excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient were characterized in terms of multiple variables, and principal properties were calculated with principal component analysis. A Plackett and Burman design was applied to the principal properties. The relationships between the design factors and two responses, mean disintegration time and mean crushing strength, were evaluated by using regression methods. Both formulations were found to be robust under controlled conditions. 相似文献