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排序方式: 共有696条查询结果,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
Norman Fenton Martin Neil William Marsh Peter Hearty Łukasz Radliński Paul Krause 《Empirical Software Engineering》2008,13(5):499-537
Standard practice in building models in software engineering normally involves three steps: collecting domain knowledge (previous
results, expert knowledge); building a skeleton of the model based on step 1 including as yet unknown parameters; estimating
the model parameters using historical data. Our experience shows that it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data of
the required granularity, or of the required volume with which we could later generalize our conclusions. Therefore, in searching
for a method for building a model we cannot consider methods requiring large volumes of data. This paper discusses an experiment
to develop a causal model (Bayesian net) for predicting the number of residual defects that are likely to be found during
independent testing or operational usage. The approach supports (1) and (2), does not require (3), yet still makes accurate
defect predictions (an R
2 of 0.93 between predicted and actual defects). Since our method does not require detailed domain knowledge it can be applied
very early in the process life cycle. The model incorporates a set of quantitative and qualitative factors describing a project
and its development process, which are inputs to the model. The model variables, as well as the relationships between them,
were identified as part of a major collaborative project. A dataset, elicited from 31 completed software projects in the consumer
electronics industry, was gathered using a questionnaire distributed to managers of recent projects. We used this dataset
to validate the model by analyzing several popular evaluation measures (R
2, measures based on the relative error and Pred). The validation results also confirm the need for using the qualitative factors
in the model. The dataset may be of interest to other researchers evaluating models with similar aims. Based on some typical
scenarios we demonstrate how the model can be used for better decision support in operational environments. We also performed
sensitivity analysis in which we identified the most influential variables on the number of residual defects. This showed
that the project size, scale of distributed communication and the project complexity cause the most of variation in number
of defects in our model. We make both the dataset and causal model available for research use. 相似文献
2.
A hybrid ab initio path integral molecular dynamics/bosonic path integral Monte Carlo simulation method has been developed, implemented and tested, which allows for the reactive simulations of molecules, clusters or complexes solvated by superfluid 4He. The simulation takes into account “on-the-fly” the electronic structure and thus the chemical reactivity of the solutes, in conjunction with the Bose–Einstein statistics, and thus the superfluid character of this peculiar solvent. This enables investigations into cryochemical reactions taking place in helium nanodroplets, such as those used in helium nanodroplet isolation (HENDI) spectroscopy. 相似文献
3.
Applying the boundary element method to electrochemical calculations of primary current distribution
The computation of primary current distribution using the boundary element method has been analysed. A numerical example has been included. Values obtained numerically have been compared with those obtained experimentally. A fairly good accuracy has been observed. Some computational problems occurring when using the boundary element method for electrochemical problems have been discussed. 相似文献
4.
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6.
Structural damage identification by adding virtual masses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jilin Hou Łukasz Jankowski Jinping Ou 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2013,48(1):59-72
This paper presents a method for damage identification by adding virtual masses to the structure in order to increase its sensitivity to local damages. The main concept is based on the Virtual Distortion Method (VDM), which is a fast structural reanalysis method that employs virtual distortions or pseudo loads to simulate structural modifications. In this paper, the structure with an added virtual mass is called the virtual structure. First, the acceleration frequency response of the virtual structure is constructed numerically by the VDM using local dynamic data measured only by a single excitation sensor and a single acceleration sensor. Second, the value of the additional mass is determined via sensitivity analysis of the constructed frequency responses of the virtual structure with respect to damage parameters; only the natural frequencies with high sensitivity are selected. This process is repeated for all the considered placements of the virtual mass. At last, the selected natural frequencies of all the virtual structures are used together for damage identification of the real structure. A finite element (FE) model of a plane frame is used to introduce and verify the proposed method. The damage can be identified precisely and effectively even under simulated 5 % Gaussian noise pollution. 相似文献
7.
Non-local line method for notched elements with use of effective length calculated in an elasto-plastic condition 下载免费PDF全文
D. Krzyżak G. Robak T. Łagoda 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2017,40(1):89-102
The paper presents a non-local line method used to the fatigue life calculation of notched elements. The presented method is based on the concept of an effective length which determines the size of the equivalent fatigue zone. Effective values of normal stress calculated in the critical plane with a weight function were applied when determining the equivalent fatigue zone. Simulation studies were performed for two types of steel and two types of loading. Five different series of tests and simulations were used. Experimental studies were carried out for 40 HM-T and EA4T steels. These materials are used in railway industry, including the manufacturing of coupling bars. The notched test specimens contained notches with a tip radius of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1 mm. Stress calculations were performed using the finite element method by adopting cyclic material properties described by the model of a multi-linear hardening. Non-local calculations were performed in a defined critical plane for normal stress distribution and a weight function. As a result, the function of variation of the effective length depending on the loading level and geometry of the notch has been determined. 相似文献
8.
We investigate quantitative extensions of modal logic and the modal μ-calculus, and study the question whether the tight connection between logic and games can be lifted from the qualitative
logics to their quantitative counterparts. It turns out that, if the quantitative μ-calculus is defined in an appropriate way respecting the duality properties between the logical operators, then its model
checking problem can indeed be characterised by a quantitative variant of parity games. However, these quantitative games
have quite different properties than their classical counterparts, in particular they are, in general, not positionally determined.
The correspondence between the logic and the games goes both ways: the value of a formula on a quantitative transition system
coincides with the value of the associated quantitative game, and conversely, the values of quantitative parity games are
definable in the quantitative μ-calculus. 相似文献
9.
Identification of coexistent load and damage 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Qingxia Zhang Łukasz Jankowski Zhongdong Duan 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2010,41(2):243-253
Load reconstruction and damage identification are crucial problems in structural health monitoring. However, it seems there
is not much investigation on identification of coexistent load and damage, although in practice they usually exist together.
This paper presents a methodology to solve this problem based on the Virtual Distortion Method. A damaged structure is modeled
by an equivalent intact structure subjected to the same loads and to virtual distortions which model the damages. The measured
structural response is used to identify the loads, the distortions and to recover the stress-strain relationship of the damaged
elements. This way both the damage type and extent are identified. The approach can be used off-line and online by repetitive
applications in a moving time window. A numerical experiment of a truss with 5% measurement error validates that the two tested
damage types (constant stiffness reduction and breathing crack) can be identified along with the loads. 相似文献
10.