Microbial Sensors for the Detection of Fish Freshness

A microbial sensor system consisting of immobilized living spoilage-causing bacterium, Alteromonas putrefaciens, and an oxygen electrode was prepared and applied to the continuous determination of fish freshness. Fish freshness was expressed as a ratio of A/B, where A is the current decrease of the microbial sensor obtained by the application of l0–50 μL fish extract and B is the current decrease by the equivalent volume of culture medium. Freshness of bluefin tuna and yellowtail meats stored in ice for up to 2 weeks was determined by both the proposed and the conventional K value enzyme sensor method. Good comparative results were obtained. One assay could be completed within 13 min.     

Colour extension properties of individual pigments and effects on shades of foundations in cake form

The mechanism of colour change during the pigment dispersion process and during powder application to the skin surface was studied by examining the colour extension properties of Yellow. Red , and Black iron oxides in white powder bases. A new measure for the evaluation of the degree of colour extension was devised. This measure corresponded well with human visual sensation, and was found to be useful for comparing the rates of colour extension of pigments. The rate of colour extension of pigments was found to vary in the order: Yellow acicular Red granular Red Black. This result explains colour darkening and the change towards reddish tones during the pigment dispersion process, because Yellow extends fully in the early stage of the process but Red , especially in granular form, and Black continue to extend even in the later stage. Acicular Red iron oxide is more favourably employed than the granular form to attain sufficient colour extension of foundations with lower energy expenditure, and to decrease the discrepancy between the cake colour and the colour of applied powder.
Le développement des oxydes de fer et effet sur les nuances des fonds de teint compacts     

Effect of TiB2 and Boron Additions on the Stability of Wurtzite-Type Boron Nitride at High Temperatures and Pressures

Shock-synthesized wurtzite-type BN(w-BN) and mixtures of w-BN–TiB₂ and w-BN–ß were treated at high temperatures and pressures. The effect of TiB₂ and boron additions on the transformation of w-BN to zinc blende-type BN(z-BN) was studied at 1000° to 2200°C and 55 to 68 kbars. The formation region of z-BN was shifted toward higher temperatures by TiB₂ additions and toward lower temperatures by boron additions.     

湖泊沉积物对17β雌二醇的降解效能

沿湖泊沉积物垂直高度取表层（SL,0～2cm）、中层（ML,14～16cm）、底层（BL,28～30cm）3层底泥微生物为对象,研究了湖泊沉积物对17β-雌二醇（17β-estradiol,E2）的生物降解效能。结果表明：无论在好氧还是厌氧条件下,E2及其副产物雌激素酮（estrone,E1）的降解行为与沉积物沉积深度和环境温度有密切关系：底泥沉积深度愈深,E2降解速率愈低;在微生物活性温度范围内,环境温度愈高,E2降解速率愈高。好氧条件下,湖泊沉积物中E2降解反应的k值为0.002～0.120h^-1·g^-1·L;厌氧条件下,k值为0.002～0.057h^-1·g^-1·L。由于诱导驯化及有机物竞争关系减小等原因,向反应体系中再次添加E2后,其k值增大约34%。湖泊沉积物中硝化细菌的存在对E2降解具有促进作用。     

Diagnosis Criterion of Abnormality of Transformer Winding by Frequency Response Analysis (FRA)

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a powerful technique to detect internal abnormalities within power transformers. However, diagnosis criteria of power transformers by FRA have not been fully established yet. In this paper, a new evaluation method of degree of identification between two transfer functions is proposed. In the proposed method, a frequency window is employed and cross‐correlation factor is calculated with moving the window. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to transfer functions of real transformers with or without some abnormalities. Based on this discussion, objective criteria for diagnosis of abnormalities of transformer windings by FRA are proposed. The proposed criteria are based on a few data of transformers with some abnormalities. Therefore, the proposed criteria are tentative and they would be improved by accumulation of further data.     

Present Status of the Nd:YAG Thomson Scattering System Development for Time Evolution Measurement of Plasma Profile on Heliotron J

A new high repetition rate Nd:YAG Thomson scattering system is developed for the Heliotron J helical device.A main purpose of installing the new system is the temporal evolution measurement of a plasma profile for improved confinement physics such as the edge transport barrier (H-mode) or the internal transport barrier of the helical plasma.The system has 25 spatial points with ～10mm resolution.Two high repetition Nd:YAG lasers (>550mJ@ 50Hz) realize the measurement of the time evolution of the plasma profile with ～10ms time intervals.Scattered light is collected by a large concave mirror (D=800 mm,f/2.25) with a solid angle of ～100 mstr and transferred to interference filter polychromators by optical fiber bundles in a staircase form.The signal is amplified by newly designed fast preamplifiers with DC and AC output,which reduces the low frequency background noise.The signals are digitized with a multi-event QDC,fast gated integrators.The data acquisition is performed by a VME-based system operated by the CINOS.     

H∞-control and filtering with initial uncertainty for time-varying systems

The H∞-control problem with a non-zero initial condition is considered. The initial conditions are assumed to be in some subspace. First, the H∞-problem with full information is considered, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the norm of an input-output operator to be less than a given number are obtained. A characterization of all admissible controllers is given. This result is then used to solve the general H∞-control problem and the filtering problem with initial uncertainty. The filtering problem on a finite horizon involves an estimate of the state at the final time. The set of al1 suboptimal filters is given both on finite and infinite horizons.     

Optimization of weakly coupled subsystems by a two-level method

A two-level method to find the optimal control of a linear system is presented. We consider that the system is composed of coupled subsystems. And we solve two decoupled first-level problems and one coordinating second-level problem iteratively. When the system can be decoupled into weakly coupled subsystems, the solution fast converges to the optimal.