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1.
C-calculus was introduced by the first author as a technique for the analysis of complex hierarchical systems.2 It has been further applied as a versatile tool in pattern recognition.1,3 Our present aim is to exhibit a model for C-calculus, and deal with its convergence and filtering properties. 相似文献
2.
Conversations occurring in a society of communicating systems can be studied according to a model where the main concept is a theory and exchanges are governed by syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic devices. In the present paper we discuss these issues, focusing on the role played by situations where context marks are meaningful for governing dialogues. We take the case of intelligent tutors, in particular one for logic programming under development, as the application example behind this research. Finally, we stress that the flexibility of interactions depends to a great extent on the ability of knowledge-based systems to face open situations. 相似文献
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MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF CEBRERO CHEESE FROM NORTHWEST SPAIN 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cebrero cheese is traditionally manufactured from raw cow's milk in the Cebrero mountains of Galicia (NW Spain). We report determinations of pH and aw , and counts of total aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophs, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria, molds and yeasts, in 49 samples. E. coli count exceeded the level permitted by Spanish legislation in 51% of samples. S. aureus count exceeded the level permitted in 20% of the samples. In one sample, with pH 5.06, two species of Listeria (L. monocytogenes and L. seeligeri) were detected. Although the pH of this cheese is fairly low, it does not appear to be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of certain pathogenic microorganisms. 相似文献
6.
A total of six α-amylase inhibitory proteins (isoinhibitors) were extracted from triticale (Triticum X Secale) seeds and two of them were purified to homogeneity. The isoinhibitors were extracted by 70% ethanol and produced, by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, two peaks that exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity. Further purification of the most active peak by DEAE-cellulose chromatography resulted in six active fractions. Two of them designated as TAI-5 and TAI-6, considered to be homogeneous by both acidic and alkaline electrophoresis, were partially characterized. The isoelectric points were 4.80 and 4.70, and the molecular weights 39, 200 and 29, 200, respectively. Under dissociating conditions the molecular weights were 13, 500 and 13, 000, suggesting that the isoinhibitors are composed of three and two subunits, respectively. Both isoinhibitors were stable at different pHs, relatively stable at 98C, and resistant to proteolysis by trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin. The optimum interaction pH for both isoinhibitors with human salivary amylase was 7.9. They exhibited specificity to human salivary and porcine pancreatic α-amylases, but had no inhibitory activity on Bacillus subtillis, Aspergillus oryzae and endogenous triticale α-amylases. 相似文献
7.
E L NHUCH B PRIETO I FRANCO A BERNARDO J CARBALLO 《International Journal of Dairy Technology》2008,61(1):80-89
'San Simón da Costa' cheese is a traditional smoked variety produced in the northwest of Spain from cow's milk. Biochemical changes were determined during its ripening. Its high calcium and phosphorus content and its low NaCl and sodium content stand out. This cheese undergoes moderate proteolysis. The most abundant free amino acid at the end of the ripening was glutamic acid, followed by tryptophan, leucine, arginine and phenylalanine. The lipolysis throughout ripening is slight; the most abundant free fatty acid being oleic, followed by palmitic and butyric acid. 相似文献
8.
ANA PAULA FIORAVANTE BERNARDES SILVA JOÃO ROBERTO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO FRANCO MARIA LAJOLO BEATRIZ ROSANA CORDENUNSI 《Journal of Food Biochemistry》2008,32(3):384-395
Sugar is a determinant for the quality of mangoes, but information about its accumulation is scarce. Although starch can contribute to sugar production during ripening, not much is known about the enzymes involved. This work presents the changes in carbohydrate and enzymes during the development and ripening of Keitt mangoes. Starch disappearance was concomitant to a fivefold increase of sucrose, the most abundant sugar of the ripe fruits. The activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, phosphorylase and isoamylase were detected in the pulp, and while α-amylase increased parallel to the starch content, β-amylase presented a 20-fold increase during ripening. On the other hand, high phosphorylase activity was observed when fruits were still accumulating starch, and lowered during ripening. Isoamylase was detected during development and increased slightly during ripening, which would be in agreement to the expected role for isoamylases as acting on both subproduct of starch synthesis and degradation.
The present work reinforces our previous works that Keitt mangoes do not ripen when attached to the tree. This fact allowed us to study all the starch degradation after mango harvesting which does not occur with the other cultivars. Data obtained in this work reinforce the role of α-amylase, β-amylase and isoamylase rather than the starch phosphorylases on starch granule degradation in mangoes, and the subsequent soluble sugar accumulation. 相似文献
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The present work reinforces our previous works that Keitt mangoes do not ripen when attached to the tree. This fact allowed us to study all the starch degradation after mango harvesting which does not occur with the other cultivars. Data obtained in this work reinforce the role of α-amylase, β-amylase and isoamylase rather than the starch phosphorylases on starch granule degradation in mangoes, and the subsequent soluble sugar accumulation. 相似文献
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EFFECT OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON THE CLIMACTERIC OF BANANA (Musa acuminata) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Protein synthesis inhibitors (Actinomycin D and cycloheximide) were infiltrated into banana slices by contact or under vacuum. Drastic reduction of the climacteric period was observed in both types of infiltration when cycloheximide was infiltrated into slices, compared to the Actinomycin D group and to a control group infiltrated with water. Ethylene production was stimulated when both protein synthesis inhibitors were used, in comparison to the water control group irrespective of the type of infiltration adopted. Ethylene production was higher in the vacuum infiltrated groups. It is suggested that cycloheximide and Actinomycin D affect the equilibrium of ripening differently, giving rise to the distinct responses observed. 相似文献