K(ATP) channels contribute to the cardioprotection of preconditioning independent of anaesthetics in rabbit hearts

The contribution of ATP sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels to the infarct-size limiting effect of preconditioning is considered to be anaesthetic-dependent in the rabbit heart. It has previously been reported that ischaemic preconditioning prevents ischaemia-induced reductions in activities of sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase (AC) and Na+, K(+)-ATPase. Anaesthetic dependency of the role of K(ATP) channels in the preservation of these enzyme activities, induced by ischaemic preconditioning, as well as that induced by activation of A1-adenosine receptors, was examined in rabbits anaesthetized with either pentobarbital or ketamine-xylazine and subjected to 20 min of regional ischaemia. Adenylate cyclase and Na+, K(+)-ATPase activities were lower in the ischaemic than in the non-ischaemic region of the hearts in control rabbits, but not in animals subjected to ischaemic preconditioning, or those pretreated with the A1-adenosine receptor agonist R(-)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine. The protective effects of both ischaemic preconditioning and A1-adenosine receptor activation were prevented by 6 mg/kg, but not 3 mg/kg, of the K(ATP) channel blocker, glibenclamide, in rabbits anaesthetized with pentobarbital, while these effects were prevented by 3 mg/kg of the blocker in rabbits anaesthetized with ketamine-xylazine. Moreover, K(ATP) channel opener, cromakalim, prevented the ischaemia-induced decreases in enzymatic activities in rabbits subjected to either type of anaesthesia. Thus, although the antagonistic effect of glibenclamide is blunted under pentobarbital, compared to ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia, K(ATP) channels contribute to preservative actions independent of the type of anaesthesia in the rabbit heart.     

Additional kernel observer: privilege escalation attack prevention mechanism focusing on system call privilege changes

International Journal of Information Security - Cyberattacks, especially attacks that exploit operating system vulnerabilities, have been increasing in recent years. In particular, if administrator...     

气体辅助法陶瓷薄膜的制备

Ceramics （alumina） coating on sevaral materials has been successfully achieved at room temperature by gas - assisted deposition （ GAD） technique. In the GAD process the alumina powder was accelerated by jet flow with velocity of - 1000 m/s and impaeted to a substrate, thereby a fiat and dense film was deposited up to 10 μm on the substrate without arty additional heating. The crystal structttre of the alumina in an obtained GAD films seemed as amorphous like. The crystalline phase was recovered by post nnnenling at 1 300 ℃ , however, the matrix resulted in a hollow structure.     

High-precision torque control of reluctance motors

The high-precision torque control of a reluctance motor for servo applications is described. The prototype is a three-phase, eight-pole reluctance motor driven by a MOSFET inverter. The current control and the speed control are performed by software of the digital signal processor TMS 32010. The motor is supplied by sinusoidal current, and two current control methods are proposed. One is based on a vector control principle to achieve the linearity between current and torque, and another is developed to obtain the maximum torque/current ratio. Due to the saliency, the instantaneous torque contains a large ripple component. In the case of the test motor, the torque ripple was as much as 26% of the rated torque under sinusoidal current drive. The experiment showed that the ripple component could be reduced to 6% by superimposing a compensation current component on the current reference     

Purification and characterization of glycyrrhetic acid mono-glucuronide beta-D-glucuronidase in Eubacterium sp. GLH

We herein report on a 62-year-old man who developed extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and von Meyenberg complexes of the liver (bile duct microhamartoma). The patient identified preoperatively as having a paraaortic mass which was subsequently diagnosed to be a pheochromocytoma. During the operation, small multiple nodules were unexpectedly recognized in the liver. Some of the liver nodules were resected by a wedge biopsy, and then were pathologically identified to be von Meyenberg complexes. This may be the first reported case of the coexistence of pheochromocytoma and von Meyenberg complexes. It is therefore necessary for surgeons to be aware of von Meyenberg complexes in the differential diagnosis of multiple liver metastases in malignant disease.     

Design and Simulation of a Nanophotonic Traceable Memory Using Localized Energy Dissipation and Hierarchy of Optical Near-Field Interactions

Optical near-field interactions allow energy localization at scales smaller than the diffraction limit of light. They also show intrinsic hierarchical responses, meaning that optical near-fields exhibit different physical behavior at different scales. In this paper, by combining the localized energy dissipation and hierarchy properties, we present an architecture for a novel traceable optical memory that records memory access events to each bit, which is useful in applications such as high-security information transfer. The basic principles are demonstrated by numerical simulations using a metal nanostructure.     

Relationship between Expression of Onco-Related miRNAs and the Endoscopic Appearance of Colorectal Tumors

Accumulating data indicates that certain microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are differently expressed in samples of tumors and paired non-tumorous samples taken from the same patients with colorectal tumors. We examined the expression of onco-related miRNAs in 131 sporadic exophytic adenomas or early cancers and in 52 sporadic flat elevated adenomas or early cancers to clarify the relationship between the expression of the miRNAs and the endoscopic morphological appearance of the colorectal tumors. The expression levels of miR-143, -145, and -34a were significantly reduced in most of the exophytic tumors compared with those in the flat elevated ones. In type 2 cancers, the miRNA expression profile was very similar to that of the exophytic tumors. The expression levels of miR-7 and -21 were significantly up-regulated in some flat elevated adenomas compared with those in exophytic adenomas. In contrast, in most of the miR-143 and -145 down-regulated cases of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and in some of the de novo types of carcinoma, the up-regulation of oncogenic miR-7 and/or -21 contributed to the triggering mechanism leading to the carcinogenetic process. These findings indicated that the expression of onco-related miRNA was associated with the morphological appearance of colorectal tumors.     

Inhibitory effects of flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu) on antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells

We found that two distinct flavonoid glycosides isolated from the peel of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Fuyu), isoquercitrin (Isq) and hyperin (Hyp), are capable of inhibiting antigen-stimulated degranulation in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we examined effects of Isq and Hyp on cellular responses induced by antigen stimulation. Treatment with both Isq and Hyp markedly inhibited antigen-stimulated elevation of intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isq and Hyp did not affect NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, but they possessed DPPH radical-scavenging activity similar to that of epigallocatechin gallate, a potent anti-oxidant, Finally, Isq and Hyp showed little or no effects on Ag-stimulated Syk activation or phosphorylation of signalling molecules. These results indicate that inhibition of antigen-stimulated degranulation by Isq and Hyp is mainly due to suppression of intracellular Ca²⁺ elevation, which is caused by direct scavenging of ROS that are generated by NOX. Our findings suggest that Isq and Hyp, isolated from the peel of persimmon, would be beneficial for alleviating symptoms of type I allergy.