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Farouk Belkadi Nicolas Dremont Alban Notin Nadege Troussier Mourad Messadia 《Annual Reviews in Control》2012,36(2):346-358
The design of complex system requires a lot of interactions between experts and then between numerous Computer Aided X software (CAX) (where X can be Design (CAD), Engineering (CAE), Manufacturing (CAM), etc.). In order to improve the consistency of the whole system design and the related data and information, knowledge crossing the expertises must be tracked and formalized regarding a shared reference. That means that instead of defining a large reference models to which each expert refers to, a light collaborative model is defined enabling to connect data from each expert model to adhoc data from other expert models, following the least commitment principle. In this topic, a new meta-model is proposed in a Model-Driven Engineering approach to manage the integration of heterogeneous experts’ knowledge models in a collaborative process. The structure of the proposed knowledge meta-model is defined taking into account the complexity of knowledge definition and the properties of its components. This meta-model is split in a meta-model of data on one hand and a Collaboration Meta-Model in the other hand, to represent the distinction between the core concepts of knowledge and additional elements serving to represent the relation between these concepts, and between concepts of heterogeneous experts’ models. The proposed meta-model is illustrated on an industrial case study to highlight the way to put it in use, and its interests to enable collaboration between experts throughout the design process. 相似文献
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Ilias Soumpasis Lis Alban Francis Butler 《Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)》2012,45(2):1139-1148
Human salmonellosis is an important food-borne disease and S. Typhimurium is the most common serotype attributed to pork products. Under a farm-to-fork strategy, reducing the levels of Salmonella-positive pigs entering the slaughterhouse is an important goal. A framework model was developed, where the effect of dynamic (infection characteristics) and non-dynamic (cleanness and disinfection, biosecurity measures, etc.) factors were considered. Four baseline scenarios were created, corresponding to different levels associated with national Salmonella monitoring programs, and sensitivity analyses were run for the non-dynamic factors. Moreover, the option of vaccination was incorporated into the model, in order to provide with a tool for the formulation of an optimum vaccination strategy depending on the characteristics of the vaccine. 相似文献
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GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. structures with high-resistivity buffer layers were prepared by introducing oxygen into the deposition system during growth. The electrical properties of the buffer layers are independent of the oxygen content of the gas phase over a large range of partial pressures. The characteristics of devices prepared with such layers are excellent. 相似文献
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Decision problems for pushdown threads 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Threads as contained in a thread algebra emerge from the behavioral abstraction from programs in an appropriate program algebra.
Threads may make use of services such as stacks, and a thread using a single stack is called a pushdown thread. Equivalence
of pushdown threads is shown decidable whereas pushdown thread inclusion is undecidable. This is again an example of a borderline
crossing where the equivalence problem is decidable, whereas the inclusion problem is not. 相似文献
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The study aims to analyze the sectoral marginal abatements cost curves for a number of EU countries as well as to examine the efficiency aspects and the economic impacts for the major sectors of the ETS under different carbon market configurations in 2010 and 2020. To produce a consistent and realistic assessment, we employ sources such as GHG National Inventories, NAPs and POLES world energy model to constitute the sectoral base year and 2010, 2020 emission levels in different countries and regions. We then use the market analysis tool ASPEN, which enables to derive supply and demand from sectoral MACCs produced with the POLES model, and to evaluate the economic impacts on the carbon market participants. The paper shows that, in compliance with the Kyoto targets, the benefits of an enlarged carbon market are significant, since more than 50% of the abatement in the short term have to be achieved in ETS sectors, which may indeed use CDM or JI credits. A second major conclusion is that in 2020 the new flexibility margins provided by the adjustment of investments in new capacities compensate for the increase in pressure towards stronger emission reductions. This reduces the relative importance of the enlarged carbon market. 相似文献
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鼓肚变形及因变形引起的中心线偏析是影响板坯质量的重要因素.法国冶金部和一些企业组织了优化钢铁生产的项目,采用数值方法研究和优化连铸工艺.介绍了巴黎高等矿业学校在连铸过程数值仿真方面的研究成果. 相似文献
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Felipe Thomaz Aquino Rafael R. Pereira Jefferson Luis Ferrari Sidney José Lima Ribeiro Alban Ferrier Philippe Goldner Rogéria Rocha Gonçalves 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2014
This paper reports on the preparation of novel sol-gel erbium-doped SiO2-based nanocomposites embedded with Nb2O5 nanocrystals fabricated using a bottom-up method and describes their structural, morphological, and luminescence characterization. To prepare the glass ceramics, we synthesized xerogels containing Si/Nb molar ratios of 90:10 up to 50:50 at room temperature, followed by annealing at 900, 1000, or 1100 °C for 10 h. We identified crystallization accompanying host densification in all the nanocomposites with orthorhombic (T-phase) or monoclinic (M-phase) Nb2O5 nanocrystals dispersed in the amorphous SiO2 phase, depending on the niobium content and annealing temperature. A high-intensity broadband emission in the near-infrared region assigned to the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition of the Er3+ ions was registered for all the nanocomposites. The shape and the bandwidth changed with the Nb2O5 crystalline phase, with values achieving up to 81 nm. Er3+ ions were located mainly in Nb2O5-rich regions, and the complex structure of the different Nb2O5 polymorphs accounted for the broadening in the emission spectra. The materials containing the T-phase, displayed higher luminescence intensity, longer 4I13/2 lifetime and broader bandwidth. In conclusion, these nanostructured materials are potential candidates for photonic applications like optical amplifiers and WDM devices operating in the S, C, and L telecommunication bands. 相似文献