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1.
We characterize the meander of re-entrant excitation in a model of a sheet of mammalian ventricular tissue, and its control by resonant drift under feedback driven stimulation. The Oxsoft equations for excitability in a guinea pig single ventricular cell were incorporated in a two dimensional reaction-diffusion system to model homogeneous, isotropic tissue with a plane wave conduction velocity of 0.35 m s-1. Re-entrant spiral wave solutions have a spatially extended transient motion (linear core) that settles down into rotation with an irregular period of 100-110 ms around an irregular, multi-lobed spiky core. In anisotropic tissue this would appear as a linear conduction block. The typical velocity of drift of the spiral wave induced by low amplitude resonant forcing is 0.4 cm s-1. 相似文献
2.
To investigate the pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus mutants lacking putative virulence factors, we have developed a new murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis based on neutropenia, the major factor predisposing patients to this infection. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide and inoculated by the intranasal route with 5 x 10(3) conidia, a significant reduction from inoculum levels used in previous models. Evidence for the production of the extracellular alkaline protease (Alp) in lung tissue was obtained by using a fungal transformant harboring an alp::lacZ reporter gene fusion. The pathogenicities of single mutant strains lacking either Alp or the ribotoxin restrictocin and of a double mutant strain lacking both proteins were assessed in this infection model. There were no significant differences between the mutant and the wild-type strains in terms of mortality or histological-features. Inoculations with mixtures of conidia showed that the double mutant strain is slightly less virulent than the wild-type strain. We conclude that Alp and restrictocin are not important virulence determinants in pulmonary infection. 相似文献
3.
Due to the unique requirements of a series of projects to specify communications architectures using graphical representations (Cara and MFD), we have developed the communications-oriented rule-based language Carla (Cara Rule Language), which provides an executable specification of the architecture being developed. Carla is designed to provide the ability to specify and simulate high-level, possibly incomplete, specifications of communications architectures, and to allow the developer to refine the specification through the addition of behavior-describing rules. Carla is also well-suited to creating black-box specifications of any system whose behavior depends on input/output history. We describe the features of the language, discuss various design issues, and provide examples of various communications protocols specified in Carla. 相似文献
4.
Alistair I. Miller Sam Suppiah Romney B. Duffey 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(14-16):1657-1667
We show the massive reduction achievable, in both emissions and climate change impact, from enhanced nuclear energy use on the forecasts of future world energy use and its associated environmental impacts. A range encompassing the major scenarios for the World's energy demand have been analyzed using the latest version of the climate-modeling MAGICC/SCENGEN software (Version 4.1). We have updated and predicted the impacts of 80% substitution with CO2-free sources (likely predominantly nuclear) for coal-fired electricity (by 2030) and for transportation fuel (by 2040). For transportation, hydrogen produced by CO2-free sources would replace gasoline and diesel fuels. In this paper, to bracket the range of futures, we simply focus on two scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC), one (A1FI) that is energy-profligate and one (B2) that is energy-conserving.The results show that, interestingly, projected average global temperatures for all scenarios are fairly similar until about 2035 (a further rise beyond the 1990 average temperature of +0.75 ± 0.1 K) regardless of energy usage and its sources. However, by 2050, the different IPCC scenarios diverge markedly. Understandably, A1FI is projected to have noticeably stronger effects than B2 on average global temperatures (about 0.3 K more in 2050) but the effect is much stronger over land at mid and high latitudes (up to almost 1 K more). What is most striking is that the substitution of CO2-free sources gives projected average temperature rises in 2050 over key land areas (North America and China) that are very similar for the two energy-use scenarios—typically 1–1.5 K because A1FI's additional energy is predominantly supplied by nuclear. In contrast, projected rises with the unaltered cases are markedly different being about 2.5 K for A1FI and 1.5–2 K for B2. The projected changes in rainfall distribution show similar patterns, especially for the expected increases in higher latitudes.With the assumption of no additional policies for substitution of energy sources beyond 2040, temperature divergence between the two scenarios of relative energy profligacy or conservation grows in the latter half of the 21st century, even with substitution. However, the early substitution of nuclear energy and hydrogen appears to buy time and is not crucially dependent on severe, near-term curtailment of energy use. Near-term curtailment is too difficult to implement at a time of rapid industrialization of major emerging economies. Of course, proportionately larger deployments of CO2-free energy sources are needed for more energy-intensive scenarios.Nuclear power must dominate as the source of CO2-free energy since it is proven, dependable, available on a large scale, and economic. Social objections to nuclear energy in some countries and quarters are seen as well-meaning but misguided distractions from solving the energy and environmental crises that are now facing world sustainability. The time for real technical, social and political action is now. 相似文献
5.
6.
T. M. Holden J. W. L. Pang R. A. Holt 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(3):749-755
The development of the understanding of the intergranular stresses in ZIRCALOY-2 is reviewed. Neutron diffraction measurements
of the intergranular strains were made on rod-textured material and highly textured plate. The elastoplastic self-consistent
(EPSC) model provides a sound theoretical foundation for our understanding of the behavior. The strain response of ZIRCALOY-2
to applied tensile stress is well described for two very different textures with the same slip and hardening parameters. It
is almost certain that tensile twinning is the explanation for the response to compressive stress and rolling that is, as
yet, incompletely understood.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Defect Properties and Mechanical Behavior of HCP Metals
and Alloys” at the TMS Annual Meeting, February 11–15, 2001, in New Orleans, Louisiana, under the auspices of the following
ASM committees: Materials Science Critical Technology Sector, Structural Materials Division, Electronic, Magnetic & Photonic
Materials Division, Chemistry & Physics of Materials Committee, Joint Nuclear Materials Committee, and Titanium Committee. 相似文献
7.
Holden Ronald R.; Kroner Daryl G.; Fekken G. Cynthia; Popham Suzanne M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1992,63(2):272
Proposes and empirically evaluates a general model of faking on self-report personality test items. The model predicts that differential test item response latencies should be faster for schema-congruent test answers than for noncongruent responses. Thus, individuals faking good should take relatively longer to endorse socially undesirable test item content than desirable test item content. Conversely, individuals faking bad should endorse socially desirable test item content relatively slower than undesirable test item content. Support for the model was found to generalize across personality inventories and across populations of university students and maximum security prisoners. Conflicting results from previous research are viewed in terms of the model. Further testing of the model's generality and practical relevance is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
8.
A specific radioimmunoassay for platelet-activating factor (PAF) sensitive in the range 10–1000 pg (0.02–2 pmoles) has been
developed. Detailed quantitative hapten inhibition studies showed specificity for the acetyl group at C-2 of PAF, a requirement
for the ether linkage at C-1 and some tolerance for substituents on the choline nitrogen. No significant cross-reactivity
was found with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine or with lysoPAF.
Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl
Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989. 相似文献
9.
Mary J. Garson Mary P. Zimmermann Christopher N. Battershill Janet L. Holden Peter T. Murphy 《Lipids》1994,29(7):509-516
The tropical marine spongeAmphimedon terpenensis (family Niphatidae, order Haplosclerida) has previously been shown to possess unusual lipids, including unusual fatty acids.
The biosynthetic origin of these fatty acids is of interest as the sponge supports a significant population of eubacterial
and cyanobacterial symbionts. The total fatty acid composition of the sponge was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
of the methyl esters. Among the most abundant of the fatty acids in intact tissue were 16∶0, 18∶0 and 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic
(phytanic) acid. In addition, three brominated fatty acids, (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-tetracosadienoic acid (24∶2Br), (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-pentacosadienoic acid (25∶2Br) and (5E,9Z)-6-bromo-5,9-hexacosadienoic acid (26∶2Br) were also present. The three brominated fatty acids, together with phytanic acid,
were isolated from both ectosomoal (superficial) and choanosomal (internal) regions of the sponge. Analysis of extracts prepared
from sponge/symbiont cells, partitioned by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll, indicated that phytanic acid and the
three brominated fatty acids were associated with sponge cells only. Further, a fatty acid methyl ester sample from intact
tissue ofA. terpenensis was partitioned according to phospholipid class, and the brominated fatty acids were shown to be associated with the phosphatidylserine
and phosphatidylethanolamine fractions that are commonly present in marine sponge lipids. The phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol
fractions were rich in the relatively shorter chain fatty acids (16∶0 and 18∶0). The association of brominated long-chain
fatty acids (LCFA) with sponge cells has been confirmed. The findings allow comment on the use of fatty acid profiles in chemotaxonomy
and permit further interpretation of LCFA biosynthetic pathways in sponges. The assignment of the sponge studied, which is
currently placed asA. terpenensis, is being supported to some extent, but the species is unusual in having C25 fatty acids as the major constituent in this group. Other factors, such as season or microenvironmental conditions, may influence
observed fatty acid composition which tends to reduce the usefulness of fatty acid profiles as markers in sponge chemotaxonomy. 相似文献
10.
Holden Ronald R.; Woermke Christina; Fekken G. Cynthia 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,25(1):1
Evaluated the effects of increasing scale reliability and of priming dimensional activation on the construct validity of personality test item differential response latencies. 93 undergraduates were computer-administered items from the 3 lengthened scales of the Personality Research Form. Findings show that differential response latencies can demonstrate remarkably strong evidence for their construct validity. In addition, the priming of personality traits may enhance the construct validity of their corresponding differential response latencies. Results support a model of test item responding where differential item response latencies reflect the interaction of an individual's schema with test item content. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献