The feasibility of the removal of Ag+ ions in a model solution and a sample of rinse water provided from an industrial plating plantwas investigated in a batch electrodialysis system. The experiments were carried out using two different types of ion-exchange membranes. The effects of applied potential, pH value and initial silver concentration on the duration of electrodialysis and energy consumption were examined. Full removal of Ag+ ions was achieved from model solutions and the sample of rinse water. The most convenient applied voltage and energy consumption values to remove silver ions are reported. These results will be useful for designing and operating different capacities of electrodialysis plants for recovering Ag+ ions. 相似文献
Less-than-truckload (LTL) transportation offers fast, flexible and relatively low-cost transportation services to shippers. In order to cope with the effects of economic recessions, the LTL industry implemented ideas such as reducing excess capacity and increasing revenues through better yield management. In this paper, we extend these initiatives beyond the reach of individual carriers and propose a collaborative framework that facilitates load exchanges to reduce the operational costs. Even though collective solutions are proven to provide benefits to the participants by reducing the inefficiencies using a system-wide perspective, such solutions are often not attainable in real-life as the negotiating parties are seeking to maximize their individual profits rather than the overall profit and also they are unwilling to share confidential information. Therefore, a mechanism that enables collaboration among the carriers should account for the rationality of the individual participants and should require minimal information transfer between participants. Having this in mind, we propose a mechanism that facilities collaboration through a series of load exchange iterations and identifies an equilibrium among selfish carriers with limited information transfer among the participants. Our time-efficient mechanism can handle large instances with thousands of loads as well as provide significant benefits over the non-collaborative management of LTL networks.
The trend in metal forming is to produce parts with increased precision and geometric complexity. Thus, research and development
is being conducted worldwide to develop presses and tooling for near-net and net shape forming of difficult-to-form components.
As a result, presses with increased precision and multi-action tooling are being used routinely by advanced companies around
the world. This paper will discuss the interactions between press characteristics and part production in precision forming
and review some of the new press and tooling designs recently developed by various domestic and foreign manufacturers. 相似文献
This paper presents an overview on the application of FE simulation as a virtual manufacturing tool in designing manufacturing processes for precision parts. The processes discussed include forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming. Determination of reliable input parameters to simulate a process is a key element in successful application of process simulation for process design in all the mentioned areas. These issues are discussed in detail. Practical examples of application of FE simulation are presented for improvement of the existing metal forming process and/or designing new metal forming process for manufacturing discrete precision parts in forging, sheet metal forming and hydroforming. 相似文献
Fabrication of terahertz modulators as simple devices with high modulation depth across a broad bandwidth is still very challenging. In this study, four different chemical vapor deposition grown multilayer graphene (MLG) modulators based on MLG/ionic liquid/gold sandwich structures have been investigated. Flexible substrates (PVC and PE) were chosen as host materials, and devices were fabricated with three different thicknesses. The resultant MLG devices can be operated at low voltages between 0 and 3.4 V providing nearly complete modulation between 0.2 and 1.5 THz with low insertion losses. Even with such low gate voltages, the devices have been doped significantly inducing 7–11-fold improvement in their sheet conductivities depending on device thickness. In addition, sheet conductivity has been improved more than three times as the graphene layer number increased from 30 to 100. With the demonstration of promising device performances, the proposed modulators can be potential candidates for applications in terahertz and related optoelectronic technologies. 相似文献
To obtain reliable results from Finite Element (FE) simulation of machining processes, it is necessary to have as input the properties of the workpiece and tool materials as well as the characteristics of the tool/chip interface. These input parameters include physical and thermal data, friction and heat transfer, and most importantly the flow stress of the workpiece material under high strain, strain rate and temperature conditions that exist during the process. This paper presents a brief review of FE simulation of machining processes, a review of the approaches used to determine the flow stress at high deformation rate, and the examples of different constitutive equations used to represent such flow stress data. A material property database (MADAMS) has been developed and provides useful information to conduct simulations of machining processes. The main objectives of the material database are to assist researchers in areas of machining analysis and material modeling and to promote collaboration between various international research groups. 相似文献
This study was designed to analyze the load-carrying capacities of composite structures connected face-to-face by a butterfly
coupling component experimentally and numerically without adhesive. The results of the experimental studies were supported
with numerical analysis. In addition, the butterfly coupling component was developed geometrically with a view to the results
of the numerical and experimental studies. The change in the load-carrying capacity of the improved butterfly coupling components
was analyzed numerically and experimentally to obtain new results. Half-specimens and butterfly-shaped lock components were
cut with a water jet machine. Experiments and analyses were conducted to analyze the effects of coupling geometry parameters,
such as the ratio of the butterfly end width to the specimen width (w/b), the ratio of the butterfly middle width to the butterfly
end width (x/w), and the ratio of the butterfly half height to the specimen width (y/b). It was intended to determine the
damage in the butterfly before any damage to the composite structure and to increase the service-life span of the composite
structure with the repair of the butterfly lock. As a result of this study, it was determined that the geometrical fixed ratios
(w/b) and (x/w) were 0.4 and 0.2 at 0.4 of (y/b) according to the experimental and numerical studies with basic and modified
models. 相似文献
The flow stress data, determined in Part I of the present study, is validated by using it as an input to the finite element method and analytical based computer programs to predict process variables in metal cutting. The predicted process variables in two-dimensional orthogonal turning and three-dimensional face milling operations, are compared with the published experimental data and the results of experiments conducted in the present work. The majority of the predictions have been found to be in reasonable agreement with the measured results. The comparisons have been discussed and, in the case of unsatisfactory agreement, the reasons for inaccurate predictions are reviewed. The flow stress data of AISI H13 tool steel (46 HRC), determined in Part I is used in this study to investigate the influence of edge preparation on forces in the cutting and feed directions, tool stresses and cutting temperatures. It has been concluded that the hone-radius edge with a hone radius of 0.1 mm provides the maximum resistance to chipping and the chamfered edge (20°×0.1 mm) has the minimum flank and crater wears for the conditions used in the present study. 相似文献