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1.
The paper deals with the singularly perturbed quasilinear initial value problem exhibiting initial layer. First the nature of solution of differential problem before presenting method for its numerical solution is discussed. The numerical solution of the problem is performed with the use of a finite-fitted difference scheme on an appropriate piecewise uniform mesh (Shishkin-type mesh). An error analysis shows that the method is first-order convergent except for a logarithmic factor, in the discrete maximum norm, independently of the perturbation parameter. Finally, numerical results supporting the theory are presented.  相似文献   
2.
Reliability of the current microprocessor technology is seriously challenged by radiation-induced soft errors. Accurate Vulnerability Factor (VF) modeling of system components is crucial in designing cost-effective protection schemes in high-performance processors. Although Statistical Fault Injection (SFI) techniques can be used to provide relatively accurate VF estimations, they are often very time-consuming. Unlike SFI techniques, recently proposed analytical models can be used to compute VF in a timely fashion. However, VFs computed by such models are inaccurate as the system-level impact of soft errors is overlooked.  相似文献   
3.
In this study, injectable PEG-based hydrogels containing Laponite particles with mechanical and structural properties close to the natural articular cartilage are introduced. The nanocomposites are fabricated by imide ring opening reactions utilizing synthesized copolymers containing PEG blocks and nanoclay through a two-step thermal poly-(amic acid) process. Butane diamine is used as nucleophilic reagent and hydrogels with interconnected pores with sizes in the range of 100–250?µm are prepared. Improved viscoelastic properties compared with the conventional PEG hydrogels are shown. Evaluation of cell viability utilizing human mesenchymal stem cells determines cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite hydrogels.  相似文献   
4.
We have investigated the contact between a metal and an organic/polymeric (o/p) material and we have introduced a relation for carrier injection using Bardeen theory. A series of narrow barriers is considered in the semiconductor side to account for the localized nature of the carriers in the o/p material. As an application of the model, we have calculated the hopping rate of carriers in terms of the contact parameters. Also, we have discussed the hopping of carriers deep into the organic dielectric. Finally, we have explored the hopping rate in practical contacts between polyfluorene-based polymers and different electrodes.  相似文献   
5.
We use e-beam lithography to pattern an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to create arrays of conjugated-polymer LEDs, each of which has a hole-injecting contact limited to 100 nm in diameter. Using optical microscopy, we estimate that the electroluminescence from a 100 nm diameter LED comes from a region characterized by a diameter of approximately 170 nm. This apparent broadening occurs due to current spreading within a PEDOT:PSS layer which was included to aid hole injection.  相似文献   
6.
The Journal of Supercomputing - Network on chip (NoC) has been of great interest in recent years. However, according to the recent studies, high communication cost has been raised as the one most...  相似文献   
7.
This paper proposes a new local search algorithm for finding the optimal configuration of subroutes from a set of candidate transit routes in a transportation network. It is intended to maximize the transit ridership while holding the budget constraint. In each iteration of the algorithm, route segments that are likely to absorb more transit passengers are added to the configuration and less‐contributing segments are removed, instead. A path‐based model with elastic demand is applied for traffic assignment problem. The algorithm takes advantage of the equilibrium paths information to speed up the calculations for emerging configurations. A numerical experiment on Sioux‐Falls network indicates that the proposed algorithm can achieve high‐quality solutions at different levels of budget. Also, the run‐time and performance of the algorithm are reported over a large problem instance of the Chicago sketch network with 55 artificial candidate routes.  相似文献   
8.
Low-temperature wet chemical bath deposition (CBD) method is one of the most efficient and least hazardous solution-based techniques which is widely employed to grow ZnO NRs. In CBD method, a seed layer is usually deposited on the substrate. In this paper, high quality ZnO and aluminum doped ZnO (AZO) seed layers are sputtered on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass. In continue, aligned ZnO NRs are grown on the AZO and ZnO seed layers via CBD technique. The effect of the growth time and seed layer on the physical properties of as-grown ZnO NRs are investigated. According to the results, the seed layer plays an essential role on the growth orientation and growth rate of the ZnO NRs. The ZnO NRs grown on AZO seed layer are more aligned rather than ZnO seed layer due to their higher texture coefficients. The relative photoluminescence (PL) intensity ratio of near band emission (NBE) to deep level emission (DLE) (INBE/IDLE) for the ZnO NRs grown on AZO and ZnO seed layers are calculated as 7.45 and 2.62, respectively. To investigate the performance of the as-grown ZnO NRs, near ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV-OLEDs) using ZnO NRs array as n-type material and poly [2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) conjugated polymer as p-type material have been fabricated. The total concentration of traps (Nt), the characteristic energies (Et) and the turn-on voltages for the devices with the structures of ITO/AZO/ZnO NRs/MEH-PPV/Al (device A) and ITO/ZnO/ZnO NRs/MEH-PPV/Al (device B) are attained 7.65 × 1016 and 7.75 × 1016 cm?3, 0.232 and 0.206 eV, 23 and 21 V, respectively. Moreover, based on the electroluminescence (EL) spectra, the NBE peaks for device A and B are obtained nearly in the wavelengths of 382 and 388 nm, respectively. Finally, various charge carrier transportation processes of prepared UV-OLEDs have been studied, systematically.  相似文献   
9.
First principles calculations within density functional theory have been carried out to investigate the adsorptions of SOx (x?=?1, 2) molecules on TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposites in order to fully discover the gas sensing capabilities of TiO2/MoS2 composite systems. The van der Waals interactions were included to obtain the most stable geometrical structures of TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposites with adsorbed SOx molecules. SOx molecules preferentially interact with the doped nitrogen and fivefold coordinated titanium sites of the TiO2 anatase nanoparticles because of their higher activities in comparison with the other sites. The results presented include structural parameters such as bond lengths and bond angles and energetics of the systems such as adsorption energies. The variation of electronic structures are discussed in view of the density of states and molecular orbitals of the SOx molecules adsorbed on the nanocomposites. The results show that the adsorption of the SOx molecule on the N-doped TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposite is energetically more favorable than the adsorption on the undoped one, implying that the nitrogen doping helps to strengthen the interaction of SOx molecules with TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposites. These calculated results thus provide a theoretical basis for the potential applications of TiO2/MoS2 nanocomposites in the removal and sensing of harmful SOx molecules.  相似文献   
10.
Isothermal martensite/ferrite-to-austenite phase transformations have been observed after low-temperature nitridation in the martensite and \(\updelta \)-ferrite phases in 15-5 PH (precipitation hardening), 17-7 PH, and 2205 (duplex) stainless steels. These transformations, in the region with nitrogen concentrations of 8 to 16 at. pct, are consistent with the notion that nitrogen is a strong austenite stabilizer and substitutional diffusion is effectively frozen at the paraequilibrium temperatures of our experiments. Our microstructural and diffraction analyses provide conclusive evidence for the martensitic nature of these phase transformations.  相似文献   
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