全文获取类型
收费全文 | 45020篇 |
免费 | 1028篇 |
国内免费 | 192篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 610篇 |
综合类 | 634篇 |
化学工业 | 5089篇 |
金属工艺 | 663篇 |
机械仪表 | 947篇 |
建筑科学 | 886篇 |
矿业工程 | 392篇 |
能源动力 | 598篇 |
轻工业 | 2274篇 |
水利工程 | 638篇 |
石油天然气 | 79篇 |
武器工业 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 2085篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3784篇 |
冶金工业 | 21585篇 |
原子能技术 | 198篇 |
自动化技术 | 5774篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 60篇 |
2023年 | 222篇 |
2022年 | 166篇 |
2021年 | 215篇 |
2020年 | 89篇 |
2019年 | 120篇 |
2018年 | 557篇 |
2017年 | 756篇 |
2016年 | 1137篇 |
2015年 | 840篇 |
2014年 | 501篇 |
2013年 | 646篇 |
2012年 | 2295篇 |
2011年 | 2577篇 |
2010年 | 772篇 |
2009年 | 851篇 |
2008年 | 685篇 |
2007年 | 694篇 |
2006年 | 627篇 |
2005年 | 3386篇 |
2004年 | 2599篇 |
2003年 | 2094篇 |
2002年 | 881篇 |
2001年 | 773篇 |
2000年 | 319篇 |
1999年 | 642篇 |
1998年 | 6206篇 |
1997年 | 3839篇 |
1996年 | 2533篇 |
1995年 | 1483篇 |
1994年 | 1084篇 |
1993年 | 1123篇 |
1992年 | 249篇 |
1991年 | 316篇 |
1990年 | 314篇 |
1989年 | 285篇 |
1988年 | 313篇 |
1987年 | 240篇 |
1986年 | 212篇 |
1985年 | 178篇 |
1984年 | 83篇 |
1983年 | 87篇 |
1982年 | 132篇 |
1981年 | 180篇 |
1980年 | 194篇 |
1979年 | 66篇 |
1978年 | 101篇 |
1977年 | 610篇 |
1976年 | 1325篇 |
1975年 | 104篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Abidur Rahman Makoto Kobayashi Kotaro Sugimoto Yuta Endo Manabu Kojima Shigenori Furukawa Takafumi Watanabe Shu Soeda Yuko Hashimoto Keiya Fujimori Hideki Chiba 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Background: Within the claudin (CLDN) family, CLDN12 mRNA expression is altered in various types of cancer, but its clinicopathological relevance has yet to be established due to the absence of specific antibodies (Abs) with broad applications. Methods: We generated a monoclonal Ab (mAb) against human/mouse CLDN12 and verified its specificity. By performing immunohistochemical staining and semiquantification, we evaluated the relationship between CLDN12 expression and clinicopathological parameters in tissues from 138 cases of cervical cancer. Results: Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the established mAb selectively recognized the CLDN12 protein. Twenty six of the 138 cases (18.8%) showed low CLDN12 expression, and the disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly decreased compared with those in the high CLDN12 expression group. We also demonstrated, via univariable and multivariable analyses, that the low CLDN12 expression represents a significant prognostic factor for the DSS of cervical cancer patients (HR 3.412, p = 0.002 and HR 2.615, p = 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: It can be concluded that a reduced CLDN12 expression predicts a poor outcome for cervical cancer. The novel anti-CLDN12 mAb could be a valuable tool to evaluate the biological relevance of the CLDN12 expression in diverse cancer types and other diseases. 相似文献
2.
Klimis?S.?NtalianisEmail author Anastasios?D.?Doulamis Nikolaos?D.?Doulamis Nikos?E.?Mastorakis Athanasios?S.?Drigas 《Journal of Signal Processing Systems》2015,80(2):153-161
In this paper, we present a novel memory access reduction scheme (MARS) for two-dimension fast cosine transform (2-D FCT). It targets programmable DSPs with high memory-access latency. It reduces the number of memory accesses by: 1) reducing the number of weighting factors and 2) combining butterflies in vector-radix 2-D FCT pruning diagram from two stages to one stage with an efficient structure. Hardware platform based on general purpose processor is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method for vector-radix 2-D FCT pruning implementation. Experimental results validate the benefits of the proposed method with reduced memory access, less clock cycle and fewer memory space compared with the conventional implementation. 相似文献
3.
Wojciech Jó?wicki Anna A. Bro?yna Jerzy Siekiera Andrzej T. Slominski 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(2):3783-3803
RCAS1 is a protein that participates in regulation of the tumor microenvironment and its immune responses, all in order to evade the immune system. The aim of this study was to analyze RCAS1 expression in urothelial bladder cancer cells (and in fibroblasts and macrophages of the tumor stroma) and its relationship with the histological pattern of malignancy. Eighty-three postcystectomy patients were enrolled. We analyzed the histological maturity (grade), progress (pT stage), tissue invasion type (TIT), nonclassic differentiation number (NDN), and the ability to metastasize (pN). The expression of RCAS1 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Indicators of histological malignancy were observed solely in association with the RCAS1 expression in cells in the border parts (BPs) of the tumor. Histological malignancy of the tumor, indicated by the pT and pN, and metastasis-free survival time, correlated significantly with RCAS1 expression in tumor neoplastic cells, whereas malignancy determined by grade, TIT, and NDN correlated with RCAS1 expression in fibroblasts and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that the increased RCAS1 expression depends on its cellular source and that RCAS1 expression itself is a component of various signaling pathways. The immune escape occurs within the tumor BPs, where the increase in the RCAS1 expression occurs within tumor cells and stromal cells in its microenvironment. We conclude that the histological pattern of tumor malignancy, indicated by grade, TIT, NDN, pT, and pN is a morphological indicator of immune escape. 相似文献
4.
Klaus Reinhardt Hans Georg Breunig Aisada Uchugonova Karsten K?nig 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(110)
We explore the possibility of characterizing sperm cells without the need to stain them using spectral and fluorescence lifetime analyses after multi-photon excitation in an insect model. The autofluorescence emission spectrum of sperm of the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, was consistent with the presence of flavins and NAD(P)H. The mean fluorescence lifetimes showed smaller variation in sperm extracted from the male (tau m, τm = 1.54–1.84 ns) than in that extracted from the female sperm storage organ (tau m, τm = 1.26–2.00 ns). The fluorescence lifetime histograms revealed four peaks. These peaks (0.18, 0.92, 2.50 and 3.80 ns) suggest the presence of NAD(P)H and flavins and show that sperm metabolism can be characterized using fluorescence lifetime imaging. The difference in fluorescence lifetime variation between the sexes is consistent with the notion that female animals alter the metabolism of sperm cells during storage. It is not consistent, however, with the idea that sperm metabolism represents a sexually selected character that provides females with information about the male genotype. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Abdul Rahman Mohtasebzadeh Longfei Ye Thomas M. Crawford 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(8):19769-19779
We study magnetic-field directed self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles onto templates recorded on perpendicular magnetic recording media, and quantify feature width and height as a function of assembly time. Feature widths are determined from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images, while heights are obtained with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). For short assembly times, widths were ~150 nm, while heights were ~14 nm, a single nanoparticle on average with a 10:1 aspect ratio. For long assembly times, widths approach 550 nm, while the average height grows to 3 nanoparticles, ~35 nm; a 16:1 aspect ratio. We perform magnetometry on these self-assembled structures and observe the slope of the magnetic moment vs. field curve increases with time. This increase suggests magnetic nanoparticle interactions evolve from nanoparticle–nanoparticle interactions to cluster–cluster interactions as opposed to feature–feature interactions. We suggest the aspect ratio increase occurs because the magnetic field gradients are strongest near the transitions between recorded regions in perpendicular media. If these gradients can be optimized for assembly, strong potential exists for using perpendicular recording templates to assemble complex heterogeneous materials. 相似文献
8.
Ugur Gezer Ebru E. Y?rüker Metin Keskin Cemil Burak Kulle Yoganiranjana Dharuman Stefan Holdenrieder 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(12):29654-29662
Circulating nucleic acids (CNAs) are under investigation as a liquid biopsy in cancer as potential non-invasive biomarkers, as stable structure in circulation nucleosomes could be valuable sources for detection of cancer-specific alterations in histone modifications. Our interest is in histone methylation marks with a focus on colorectal cancer, one of the leading cancers respective the incidence and mortality. Our previous work included the analysis of trimethylations of lysine 9 on histone 3 (H3K9me3) and of lysine 20 on histone 4 (H4K20me3) by chromatin immuno- precipitation-related PCR in circulating nucleosomes. Here we asked whether global immunologic measurement of histone marks in circulation could be a suitable approach to show their potential as biomarkers. In addition to H3K9me3 and H4K20me3 we also measured H3K27me3 in plasma samples from CRC patients (n = 63) and cancer free individuals (n = 40) by ELISA-based methylation assays. Our results show that of three marks, the amounts of H3K27me3 (p = 0.04) and H4K20me3 (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in CRC patients than in healthy controls. For H3K9me3 similar amounts were measured in both groups. Areas under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicating the power of CRC detection were 0.620 for H3K27me3, 0.715 for H4K20me3 and 0.769 for the combination of both markers. In conclusion, findings of this preliminary study reveal the potential of blood-based detection of CRC by quantification of histone methylation marks and the additive effect of the marker combination. 相似文献
9.
10.
Syafikah Huda Paiman Mukhlis A Rahman Khairul Hamimah Abas Azian Abd Aziz Ahmad Fauzi Ismail Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman Juhana Jaafar Mohammad Noorul Anam Mohd Norddin 《化学工程与技术》2019,42(6):1321-1329
Removal by absorptive ceramic membranes can simultaneously absorb and separate metal ions from water. Alumina/yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Al2O3/YSZ) hollow‐fiber membranes, fabricated using phase inversion and sintering process, were deposited with iron oxide by an in‐situ hydrothermal process. The results showed that α‐Fe2O3 was produced and incorporated across the membranes. A reduction in flux was recorded with the deposition of α‐Fe2O3. However, it improved the adsorption capacity for heavy metal adsorption. The adsorption‐separation test demonstrated that the optimized membrane is able to completely remove Pb(II) ions after two hours. 相似文献