实施油气回收的必要性和技术方案的探讨

简要介绍油气回收技术;从环保和增加经济效益的角度,以福建炼化公司的实际情况为例提出了油气回收的方案,并对实行该方案的必要性和经济效益做了分析;希望增强炼化企业对油气回收问题的重视,达到安全生产、改善环境和节约能源的目的。     

中等职业教育师资培训的思考

建设一支数量适当、结构合理、素质优良、专兼结合、相对稳定的职教师资队伍，是全面推进素质教育、进一步深化教学改革、提高职业教育质量和水平的关键。当前重点是加强专业教师的专升本进修工作．省级以上重点学校应同时加强具有研究生学历的教师的培养工作，包括新教师上岗前的培训、教师实践能力和知识更新培训、非师范专业教师的教育理论培训、专业教师和实习指导教师的专业技能培训及各种形式的短期培训等。     

新型合金代铬刷镀层的组织及强化机理的研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射仪，透射电镜和扫描隧道显微镜等手段对新型代铬镀层（Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｓ）相结构及组织进行了研究，并初步探讨了镀层的强化机理。研究表明，Ｎｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｓ合金镀层的组织是由含Ｆｅ、Ｗ、Ｐ、Ｓ的镍基固溶体和在其上弥散分布的金属间化合物Ｎｉ_３Ｆｅ所组成，镍基固溶体处于非晶和微晶的混合状态，合金镀层的镀态硬度为ＨＶ７００～７５０，在３００℃退火时。硬度达到最大值ＨＶ９００～９５０，其强化机理主要是微晶的晶界强化和Ｎｉ_３Ｆｅ的弥散强化。     

喂钙量与软吹氯对316L不锈钢中夹杂物的影响

采用20 t电弧炉-AOD-LF-铸锭的生产工艺制备316L不锈钢,并通过LF钙处理与底吹氩的方法降低钢中夹杂物含量。其中喂钙量通过经验参数与热力学计算相结合的方法确定。运用金相显微镜及扫描电子显微镜分析了LF钙处理比例系数（实际喂Ca量/理论喂Ca量）1.65和2.95及喂Ca后软吹时间对钢锭中非金属夹杂物组成、分布及尺寸的影响。结果表明,316L不锈钢钙处理比例系数约为2.95,钙处理后钢液中夹杂物主要为铝酸钙类化合物和硅酸盐类化合物;延长软吹时间对于大尺寸夹杂物的去除效果显著;在0～25 min,随着软吹时间的延长,钢锭中夹杂物的数量减少,平均尺寸减小,最优的软吹时间为20 min。     

Wear simulation of Si3N4 cutting tool material on a pin-on-disc tester

Si₃N₄-based ceramic cutting tools are used nowadays for machining cast iron, nickel-based alloys, etc. Austenitic stainless steel AISI 321 is one of the most difficult to cut materials. In order to investigate the wear behaviour of Si₃N₄ ceramic when cutting the stainless steel, wear tests are carried out on a pin-on-disc tribometer, which can simulate a realistic cutting process. The selected load range is from 58.8 N to 235.2 N, the speed range is from 0.8 m/s to 3.2 m/s. The test results show that the wear of Si₃N₄ ceramic increases with both load and speed and the wear of the ceramic is mainly caused by adhesion between the rubbing surfaces. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe microanalyser (EPMA) and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDXS) were used for examinations of the worn surfaces. The wear mechanisms of Si₃N₄ ceramic sliding against the stainless steel were discussed in detail.     

双向蚁群算法的智能消防疏散图路径规划

当前我国正处在城市发展高速时期,综合建筑不断涌现,这时可根据火灾实时信息自动调整疏散路径的智能消防疏散图应运而生。路径规划算法是智能消防疏散图的重点研究方向之一。针对智能消防疏散图需结合火场信息动态规划路径等问题,提出了一种改进双向蚁群算法。添加了双向搜索策略,提高了算法全局搜索能力;结合A*算法改进了初始信息素分布,减小了算法初期搜索盲目性;改进了信息素更新策略,提高了算法收敛速度;结合火场信息和转向惩罚系数对算法蒸发系数、启发函数和转移概率进行改进,降低了陷入局部最优风险,提高了算法搜索效率和路径平滑性,并有效避开了火灾影响区域。通过仿真验证了算法有效性。     

Finite Element Simulation for Laser Direct Depositing Processes of Metallic Vertical Thin Parts（1）

建立了模拟直薄壁件逐点沉积过程中温度场的有限元模型，用等价导热系数和焓值法处理了固一液耦合热传导问题和固液混合区的焓．模拟结果真实地反映了沉积316L不锈钢直薄壁件的温度场特征．通过对模拟结果的分析得出，在高温阶段（700℃以上）熔池的平均冷却速率达到10^3℃／s数量级，在240℃以下的冷却速率仅为10℃／s数量级．基板的温度变化经历温度上升、温度平稳、温度下降3个阶段；在温度下降阶段，基板中的热传导对熔池冷却速率影响很小．有限元模拟结果与已有文献的实验测量数据吻合很好．     

工业厂房加层改造施工过程的模拟分析

房屋在加层改造过程中具有显著的结构时变特性。为保障某工业厂房室内加层改造施工的安全顺利进行,基于实际情况制定了合理的施工顺序,以结构拆除时间为分界点将施工过程进行划分,用有限元分析软件MIDAS的生死单元技术对结构进行施工模拟,得出了施工过程中结构内力变化规律和施工危险点,并提出相应的安全控制措施。     

基于ACM平台的程序设计课程教学改革

针对程序设计类课程教学中存在的问题及原因,在分析ACM平台特点的基础上,给出了基于ACM平台的程序设计课程理论和实践教学方法,提出了具体措施,实践中收到了较好的效果。     

A series of nanoparticles with phase-separated structures by 1,1-diphenylethene controlled one-step soap-free emulsion copolymerization and their application in drug release

A facile one-step approach to synthesize various phase-separated porous, raspberry-like, flower-like, core–shell and anomalous nanoparticles and nanocapsules via 1,1-diphenylethene (DPE) controlled soap-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene (S) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), or acrylic acid (AA) is reported. By regulating the mass ratio of S/GMA, transparent polymer solution, porous and anomalous P(S-GMA) particles could be produced. The P(S-GMA) particles turn from flower-like to raspberry-like and then to anomalous structures with smooth surface as the increase of divinylbenzene (DVB) crosslinker. Transparent polymer solution, nanocapsules and core–shell P(S-AA) particles could be obtained by altering the mole ratio of S/AA; anomalous and raspberry-like P(S-AA) particles are produced by adding DVB. The unpolymerized S resulted from the low monomer conversion in the presence of DPE aggregates to form nano-sized droplets, and migrates towards the external surfaces of the GMA-enriched P(S-GMA) particles and the internal bulk of the AA-enriched P(S-AA) particles. The nano-sized droplets function as in situ porogen, porous P(S-GMA) particles and P(S-AA) nanocapsules are produced when the porogen is removed. This novel, facile, one-step method with excellent controllability and reproducibility will inspire new strategies for creating hierarchical phase-separated polymeric particles with various structures by simply altering the species and ratio of comonomers. The drug loading and release experiments on the porous particles and nanocapsules demonstrate that the release of doxorubicin hydrochloride is very slow in weakly basic environment and quick in weakly acidic environment, which enables the porous particles and nanocapsules with promising potential in drug delivery applications.

Open image in new window