A low-complexity audio fingerprinting technique for embedded applications

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper proposes a new optimized audio-based fingerprinting technology for embedded applications. The target use case is related to TV content synchronization...     

Modal criteria for optimization of structures through active structural acoustic control

This paper deals with modal criteria allowing optimization of structures through active structural acoustic control (ASAC) based on the independent modal strategy control (IMSC). The aim of the paper is to propose efficient criteria allowing to process optimization of structures by determining the most important modes to control considering only the location of the excitation on the structure. A generalized modal synthesis is used to study the coupled fluid–structure system. Modal criteria are proposed in order to determine the best choice for the controlled modes used in IMSC method. The way the ASAC will be applied is not discussed in the paper. Numerical simulations are computed to show the efficiency of the method, considering a simple vibroacoustic structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Homeostatic process and sleep spindles in patients with sleep-maintenance insomnia: effect of partial (21 h) sleep deprivation

Port Pirie is 230 km north of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. The major industry in the city is a lead smelter owned by Pasminco. Fume, dust, and fugitive emissions from the smelter have been deposited in and around Port Pirie over the past 100 years. The results presented in this paper are from an air monitoring station situated at the southeast entrance of the smelter, approximately 600 m from the blast furnace. Measurements include total suspended particulate (TSP) and total suspended particulate lead (TSPL) reported as concentrations (microgram/m3). Data are available from 1986 to 1996 and consist of 548 measurements. Analysis of geometric mean concentration levels by wind direction showed that while for TSP there was little relationship with wind direction, TSPL increased substantially as the wind came from the direction of the smelter. An analysis of geometric mean concentration levels by wind speed showed that TSP was significantly correlated with wind speed for all wind sectors apart from winds coming from the smelter production area. The lack of correlation between TSP and wind speed when the wind blows from the direction of the smelter is probably due to the dilution effect of particulate from a point source as wind speed increases. TSPL was significantly correlated with wind speed for all wind sectors apart from winds coming from the city. As expected, both TSP and TSPL concentrations were significantly lower on days when rain fell. Both mean geometric TSP and TSPL concentrations were lower in the period 1993-1996 than in 1986-1992. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to demonstrate that this decline was statistically significant after adjusting for weather conditions. Wind directions were divided into four sectors: winds from the smelter production area; winds from the smelter nonproduction area; winds from the zinc wharf and east of the city; and winds from the city. Structural equation models for each sector were used to demonstrate that the decline in geometric mean TSPL concentrations over the two periods were of a similar order of magnitude for all four sectors. The relevance of this to the lead abatement programs that have been undertaken both within the city of Port Pirie and inside the smelter itself is discussed.     

MIM capacitance variation under electrical stress

Due to strong requirement in term of capacitance voltage linearity, MIM capacitance stability during the whole operating lifetime of the product appears to be a key issue to warrant the reliability of this device. Using a constant current stress, two effects can be noticed on the evolution of the stressed C–V characteristics: a voltage shift to negative bias and a significant increase of the capacitance. Both phenomena have been demonstrated to be strongly correlated and to have the same origin: the trapped charges in oxide, which can generate new dipoles in the dielectric and, as a result, modulate the dielectric permittivity.     

Determinantal method for locally modified structures. Application to the vibration damping of a space launcher

In order to improve the dynamic behaviour of an existing or already designed structure, local modifications can be performed by taking advantage of the relative displacement between two points of the structure. A stiffner, damper or viscoelastic rod may be added and its effect on the initial structure must be assessed. A new formulation is developed, based on the response of the initial structure at the attachment points of the local modification. A determinantal equation results, whose roots are the eigenvalues of the modified structure. The equation is solved numerically with a dedicated algorithm and it is shown that this is faster than performing an eigenvalue problem reanalysis. The method is able to deal with both undamped and damped systems, and can handle several modifications simultaneously. It is applied on the last stage of a space launcher, along with a double modal synthesis method.     

Structural sources identification through an inverse mid-high frequency energy method

This paper is primarily focused on the identification of structural forces, with the objective of localizing forces injected into structures in the mid-high frequency range. An energy method, called the simplified energy method (MES), has already been introduced for the purpose of predicting an energy density distribution for structural acoustic problems in the mid-high frequency range. The present paper proposes using this same energy method to solve inverse structural problems. More specifically, the injected forces are to be estimated and localized through knowledge of a set of energy densities within the structure. The 2D formulation of this inverse approach, known as inverse MES (or IMES), is first expressed. Both the boundary and internal sources can then be detected by applying the proposed formulation. Numerical test results are processed using a 2D Kirchhoff plate, and a number of conclusions are also drawn regarding IMES capabilities. Moreover, this paper offers a numerical comparison with another energy-based method.     

Optimization of structural dynamic behaviour based on effective modal parameters

Optimization of complex structures often leads to high calculation costs. Indeed, the structure has to be frequently reanalysed in order to update the optimization criteria. We propose an optimization method based on effective modal parameters. These parameters are close to the modal matrices used for the modal analysis of a structure. Thus, once the structure has been analysed, it becomes very easy to calculate optimization criteria. First, we will explain the modal analysis that we will use in this paper. A modal model will be used to analyse the hollow parts of the structure. The modal analysis of the whole structure will be performed using substructuring and ‘double modal synthesis’ proposed by Jezequel. Secondly, we will explain how to obtain effective modal parameters and their use for optimization. Finally, we will show the efficiency of these parameters through the optimization of a complex structure, using two types of optimization methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of Olefin‐Oxazoline Ligands (OlefOx) by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Olefination

The rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxidative olefination of 2‐aryloxazolines is described and has been employed for the synthesis of olefin‐oxazoline ligands (OlefOx). The highly modular synthesis starting from readily available 2‐aryloxazolines can be performed under an atmosphere of air as the terminal oxidant with catalytic amounts of copper(II)‐acetate.     

Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 2‐Phenylpropanal Derivatives to Yield β‐Chiral Primary Amines via Bioamination

The amination of racemic α‐chiral aldehydes, 2‐phenylpropanal derivatives, was investigated employing ω‐transaminases. By medium and substrate engineering the optical purity of the resulting β‐chiral chiral amine could be enhanced to reach optical purities up to 99% ee. Using enantiocomplementary ω‐transaminases allowed us to access the (R)‐ as well as the (S)‐enantiomer in most cases. It is important to note that the stereopreference of the ω‐transaminases found for α‐chiral aldehydes did not correlate with the stereopreference previously observed for the amination of methyl ketones. In one case the stereopreference switched even upon exchanging a methyl substituent to a methoxy group.

     

Modal criteria for optimizing the acoustic behaviour of a coupled fluid–structure system based on a systemic approach

This paper proposes modal criteria to represent various noise sources within a complex structure, such as an automobile. By optimizing a complex system using criteria linked to modal mass and stiffness matrices, different modes of noise propagation can be investigated separately. Several criteria are thus suggested, each related to a vibrational propagation path. Since the system is studied using modal analysis, criteria can be found based on modes associated with the structure's hollow parts, plates, and cavities. These different criteria are analysed based on the assumption of a complex vibroacoustic system. It is shown that by analysing such criteria, one can determine which part of the structure needs to be optimized. The optimization of such a system could constitute a research topic in its own right, and is beyond the scope of the present paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.