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1.
We consider a system comprising of a single bottleneck switch/node that is fed by N independent Markov-modulated fluid sources. There is a fixed propagation delay incurred by the traffic between these sources and the switch. We assume that the switch sends periodic feedback in the form of a single congestion indicator bit. This feedback also incurs a fixed propagation delay in reaching the sources. Upon reaching the sources (or the access controllers associated with the sources), this congestion indicator bit is used to choose between two rates for the excess traffic, high or low, possibly depending on the state of that source. The switch employs a threshold mechanism based on its buffer level to discard excess traffic. We show that the stationary distribution of this system satisfies a set of first-order linear differential equations along with a set of split boundary conditions. We obtain an explicit solution to these using spectral decomposition. To this end we investigate the related eigenvalue problem. Based on these results we investigate the role of delayed feedback vis-a-vis various time-constants and traffic parameters associated with the system. In particular, we identify conditions under which the feedback scheme offers significant improvement over the open-loop scheme 相似文献
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Designing circuits with partial scan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agrawal V.D. Kwang-Ting Cheng Johnson D.D. Sheng Lin T. 《Design & Test of Computers, IEEE》1988,5(2):8-15
In this scan design methodology, only selected faults are targeted for detection. These faults are those not detected by the designer's functional vectors. The test generator decides exactly which flip-flops should be scanned using one of two methods. In the first method, all possible tests are generated for each target fault, and the set of tests requiring the fewest flip-flops is selected. In the second method, only one test is generated for each fault, and the use of flip-flops is avoided as much as possible during test generation. Examples of actual VLSI circuits show a savings of at least a 40% in full-scan overhead 相似文献
4.
Gerard E. Lenain Herbert A. McKinstry Dinesh K. Agrawal 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1985,68(9):224-C
The X-ray diffraction pattern for potassium-zirconium phosphate is significantly improved when the material is prepared by the sol-gel route rather than the powder method. Peaks at high, low, and intermediate angles are presented and compared for the two methods. It is assumed that the more nearly homogeneous mixing of the elements in the sol-gel process is responsible for the significant improvement in crystallinity. 相似文献
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We review, unify and extend work pertaining to evaluating mode mixity of interfacial fracture utilizing the virtual crack
closure technique (VCCT). From the VCCT, components of the strain energy release rate (SERR) are obtained using the forces
and displacements near the crack tip corresponding to the opening and sliding contributions. Unfortunately, these components
depend on the crack extension size, Δ, used in the VCCT. It follows that a mode mixity based upon these components also will
depend on the crack extension size. However, the components of the strain energy release rate can be used for determining
the complex stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the associated mode mixity. In this study, we show that several—seemingly
different—suggested methods presented in the literature used to obtain mode mixity based on the stress intensity factors are
indeed identical. We also present an alternative, simpler quadratic equation to this end. Moreover, a Δ-independent strain
energy release based mode mixity can be defined by introducing a “normalizing length parameter.” We show that when the reference
length (used for the SIF-based mode mixity) and the normalizing length (used for Δ-independent SERR-based mode mixity) are
equal, the two mode mixities are only shifted by a phase angle, depending on the bimaterial parameter ε. 相似文献
7.
We propose a generalized form of optimal teleportation witness to demonstrate their importance in experimental detection of the larger set of entangled states useful for teleportation in higher dimensional systems. The interesting properties of our witness reveal that teleportation witness can be used to characterize mixed state entanglement using Schmidt numbers. Our results show that while every teleportation witness is also a entanglement witness, the converse is not true. Also, we show that a hermitian operator is a teleportation witness iff it is a decomposable entanglement witness. In addition, we analyze the practical significance of our study by decomposing our teleportation witness in terms of Pauli and Gell-Mann matrices, which are experimentally measurable quantities. 相似文献
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Energy efficiency is an important issue in mobile wireless networks since the battery life of mobile terminals is limited. Conservation of battery power has been addressed using many techniques such as variable speed CPUs, flash memory, disk spindowns, and so on. We believe that energy conservation should be an important factor in the design of networking protocols for mobile wireless networks. In particular, this paper addresses energy efficiency in medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless networks. The paper develops a framework to study the energy consumption of a MAC protocol from the transceiver usage perspective. This framework is then applied to compare the performance of a set of protocols that includes IEEE 802.11, ECMAC, PRMA, MDRTDMA, and DQRUMA*. The performance metrics considered are transmitter and receiver usage times for packet transmission and reception. The time estimates are then combined with power ratings for a Proxim RangeLAN2 radio card to obtain an estimate of the energy consumed for MAC related activities. The analysis here shows that protocols that aim to reduce the number of contentions perform better from an energy consumption perspective. The receiver usage time, however, tends to be higher for protocols that require the mobile to sense the medium before attempting transmission. The paper also provides a set of principles that could be applied when designing access protocols for wireless networks.*ECMAC: energyconserving MAC. PRMA: packet reservation multiple access. MDRTDMA: multiservices dynamic reservation TDMA. DQRUMA: distributedqueuing request update multiple access. 相似文献