Iron Nitrate/TEMPO: a Superior Homogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Nitriles in Air

A highly practical, one‐step, facile synthesis of aromatic, heteroaromatic, allylic and aliphatic nitriles from primary alcohols catalyzed by ferric nitrate [Fe(NO₃)₃⋅9H₂O] in the presence of TEMPO, aqueous ammonia and air at room temperature is described.

     

Application of ANN Modelling and GA Optimization for Improved Creep and Corrosion Properties of Spin-Arc Welded AA5083-H111 Alloy

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - In this work, an attempt is made to identify the optimized parameter combination for improved creep and corrosion properties of AA5083-H111 alloy weldments...     

Error Probability and Throughput Analysis of IRS-Assisted Wireless System Over Generalized $$\kappa$$ κ – $$\mu$$ μ Fading Channels

Wireless Personal Communications - Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-assisted wireless transmission has recently emerged as a potential candidate to enable a smart and reconfigurable radio...     

Plastic fats and margarines through fractionation,blending and interesterification of milk fat

Milk fat stearins and oleins were blended with high‐ and low‐melting natural fats to produce plastic fats, vanaspati substitute and confectionery fats. Margarines of improved nutritional value were also formulated. Fractionation was carried out using acetone, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol. The yield (wt‐%) of high‐melting stearin (HMS) from acetone and IPA was 13.0 ± 0.2 to 13.3 ± 0.1 after crystallization for 24 h at 20 °C. The melting point of the products was 49.0 ± 0.5 to 49.8 ± 0.6 °C. However, in hexane the yield of HMS was 12.2 ± 0.2% at 10 °C. The olein fractions were further fractionated at 10 °C from acetone and IPA, and at 0 °C from hexane, to obtain superoleins and low‐melting stearins (LMS). HMS fractions were blended with rice bran oil and cottonseed oil at the ratio 70 : 30 (wt/wt), and the superoleins were blended with sal fat and palm stearin at the ratios 40 : 60, 30 : 70 and 20 : 80 (wt/wt). The blends were interesterified (product melting point: 22.7 ± 0.04 to 39.3 ± 0.10 °C) chemically and enzymatically to prepare margarine. The penetration values (in 0.1 mm) of these margarines were noted to be 112 ± 1.52 to 145 ± 0.00.     

Application of Artificial Neural Network Modelling for Optimization of Yb: YAG Laser Welding of Nitinol

This article presents the investigation of Ytterbium: Yttrium aluminium garnet (Yb: YAG) laser welding of NiTinol sheet of thickness 1 mm. Welding speed, shielding gas blown distance, focal position, laser power were selected as input parameters and depth of penetration, bead width, hardness, corrosion current density were measured as performance characteristics. Experiment was designed based on L9 Taguchi design with 4 factors and 3 levels in each factor. Modelling was done using artificial neural network in four learning algorithms namely batch back propagation, quick propagation, incremental back propagation and Legvenberg-Marquardt back propagation. A comparison was made between these learning algorithms and it was found that based on least error, Legvenberg-Marquardt model was the best learning algorithm. Genetic algorithm was implemented for predicting the optimised laser welding parameters in joining NiTinol and the confirmation test results were in good agreement with the predicted results.     

Simple and efficient method for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones using hydrogen peroxide and a Mo(VI) based catalyst

A simple and efficient method for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones at room temperature using ammonium heptamolybdate and 30% H₂O₂ is developed. The reactions provide excellent yields within short time, also sensitive functional groups such as allyl, vinyl, propargyl, alcohol, ketone, ester, pyridine and nitrile are found to be tolerated.     

Application of Genetic Algorithm Optimization Technique in TIG Welding of 15CDV6 Aerospace Steel

Silicon - In this work, an attempt is made to identify the optimized parameter combinations in TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding of 15CDV6 steel. 15CDV6 is a high strength low alloy steel which is...     

Application of GRA and TOPSIS Optimization Techniques in GTA Welding of 15CDV6 Aerospace Material

In this article, an attempt was made to optimize the welding parameters of gas tungsten arc welding of 15CDV6 steel. Experiments based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array were carried out in this research paper. The input parameters such as current, voltage, travel speed were considered for joining 15CDV6 plates of thickness 3.7 mm. Aftermath, the welds were subjected to post weld heat treatment. The performance characteristics such as bead width, reinforcement, tensile strength, hardness and depth of penetration of the welds were also measured. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution method (TOPSIS) were used for identifying the optimised input parameters. Analysis of variance was used to identify the influence of each individual parameter on the multi-objective function. The metallurgical characterisations of the optimised weld were compared with the microstructures obtained using optical microscope. It was made clear that both GRA and TOPSIS produced different set of optimized parameters. But on experimentation, it was found that optimized parameters obtained from TOPSIS produced weld with better properties. At the initial stage, the base metal reflected inferior properties to weldments but there was a significant improvement in the properties of base metal after post weld heat treatment.