基于高阶累积量ESPRIT算法的指数衰减 正弦信号参数估计

工程应用中环境噪声多表现为高斯有色噪声,而针对高斯白噪声进行处理的算法失效问题,提出了一种高斯色噪声环境中用于多分量衰减正弦信号频率和衰减因子估计的四阶累积量ESPRIT算法。首先,推导出四阶累积量与观测样本中的自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵之间的关系,求出其四阶累积量矩阵。其次,通过对四阶累积量进行广义特征值分解,根据广义特征值即可得到信号衰减因子和频率的估计值。最后对所提算法进行了仿真实验验证,在混合信噪比为0 dB时,所提算法针对多分量衰减正弦信号角频率和衰减因子的平均估计误差分别为0.002 0πrad和0.002 0。在高斯白噪声和高斯色噪声背景下与ESPRIT算法和Prony算法相比具有更强的噪声抑制能力和更高的估计精度。     

基于二次分数低阶协方差的时延估计方法

针对强脉冲噪声背景下基于分数低阶统计量时延估计方法性能退化且需要噪声先验知识的问题,提出了一种基于二次分数低阶协方差的时延估计新方法。所提方法首先利用有界非线性Sigmoid函数对含有脉冲噪声的信号进行预处理,使其在不影响有用信号时延信息的基础上对附加脉冲噪声进行充分压缩;然后对处理后的收发信号进行二次分数低阶协方差运算,即求得发射信号的自分数低阶协方差和收发信号的互分数低阶协方差之后,再次计算二者的互分数低阶协方差,以期更大程度上抑制脉冲噪声的影响。通过模拟仿真实验对所提方法进行了有效性验证,结果表明所提方法突破了分数低阶矩阶次需小于Alpha稳定分布噪声特征指数的限制,并且比分数低阶协方差方法具有更高的估计精度。仿真实验结果表明在广义信噪比-10 dB情况下,时延估计用时为0.056 0 s,准确率达到97.76%。     

Long-term results after repeated surgical removal of pulmonary metastases

A 14-year-old boy developed acute transverse myelitis with severe abdominal pain, bladder dysfunction, weakness, and sensory loss of the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a segmental expanded central edema affecting parts of the spinal cord, including the caudal medulla oblongata. Antibody response to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was negative in microparticle agglutination assays (1:40 in the acute serum and 1:160 in the convalescent serum) and complement fixation tests (1:20 and 1:10). However, analysis of acute-phase serum revealed a specific IgA and IgG response but no IgM response. Detection of M. pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid by nested polymerase chain reaction and in nasopharyngeal aspirate by culture confirmed an M. pneumoniae infection. Treatment with doxycycline (100 mg daily) was started on the second day after admission to the hospital and continued for 14 days; the patient recovered completely and was discharged 20 days after onset of the disease, with no signs of neurological deficits.     

Formulation and development of tablets based on Ludipress and scale-up from laboratory to production scale

In spite of the wealth of experience available in the pharmaceutical industry, tablet formulations are still largely developed on an empirical basis, and the scale-up from laboratory to production is a time-consuming and costly process. Using Ludipress greatly simplifies formulation development and the manufacturing process because only the active ingredient Ludipress and a lubricant need to be mixed briefly before being compressed into tablets. The studies described here were designed to investigate the scale-up of Ludipress-based formulations from laboratory to production scale, and to predict changes in tablet properties due to changes in format, compaction pressure, and the use of different tablet presses. It was found that the tensile strength of tablets made of Ludipress increased linearly with compaction pressures up to 300 MPa. It was also independent of the geometry of the tablets (diameter, thickness, shape). It is therefore possible to give an equation with which the compaction pressure required to achieve a given hardness can be calculated for a given tablet form. The equation has to be modified slightly to convert from a single-punch press to a rotary tableting machine. Tablets produced in the rotary machine at the same pressure have a slightly higher tensile strength. The rate of increase in pressure, and therefore the throughput, has no effect on the tensile strength of Ludipress tablets. It is thought that a certain minimum dwell time is responsible for this difference. The production of tablets based on Ludipress can be scaled up from one rotary press to another without problem if the powder mixtures are prepared with the same mixing energy. The tensile strength curve determined for tablets made with Ludipress alone can also be applied to tablets with a small quantity (< 10%) of an active ingredient.     

Biochip-based detection of KRAS mutation in non-small cell lung cancer

This study is aimed at evaluating the potential of a biochip assay to sensitively detect KRAS mutation in DNA from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. The assay covers 10 mutations in codons 12 and 13 of the KRAS gene, and is based on mutant-enriched PCR followed by reverse-hybridization of biotinylated amplification products to an array of sequence-specific probes immobilized on the tip of a rectangular plastic stick (biochip). Biochip hybridization identified 17 (21%) samples to carry a KRAS mutation of which 16 (33%) were adenocarcinomas and 1 (3%) was a squamous cell carcinoma. All mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Using 10 ng of starting DNA, the biochip assay demonstrated a detection limit of 1% mutant sequence in a background of wild-type DNA. Our results suggest that the biochip assay is a sensitive alternative to protocols currently in use for KRAS mutation testing on limited quantity samples.