TYPOLOGY OF SPACES AND TOPOLOGY OF TOLERATION: CITY,PLURALISM, OWNERSHIP

The aim of this paper is primarily to lay down a convincing typology of spaces in connection with property rights and management. Instead of the two main ownership models (private and public property) usually pinpointed, we argue that it is more fitting to speak of a plurality of property regimes. So, in this work, we identify and explain six sub‐categories: i) stricto sensu public spaces; ii) special public spaces; iii) privately run public spaces; iv) privately owned collective spaces; v) complex private spaces; vi) simple private spaces. This typology of spaces aims to draw attention to the fact that the diversity of spaces affects the type of tolerance in place: when we think about tolerance, it's important to think in a spatialized way, referring to these different property regimes.     

Translational aspects of the modern genetics in head and neck cancers

Oral Cancer (OC) is one of the most recurrent cancers in the head and neck squamous cancer (SCCHN) category. Recently, the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have gained growing interest in the scientific community. GWAS have identified several pathways involved in the interactions among general risk factors and genomic variants affecting SCCHN. This systematic overview aims to critically evaluate the latest data reported within the scientific literature. The aim was to investigate the impact of genetic aspects on SCCHN onset and prognosis, involving other clinical and systemic co-factors. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cancer Genetics Web databases have been systematically investigated for original articles published in the last two years, reporting studies on the main queries addressed in this work. This review also comparatively describes the impact of environmental and pathological co-factors in different types of cancers, clarifying and updating the role of genetic factors in SCCHN onset and development. The main outcomes reported may be helpful to drive clinicians towards their clinical evaluations for the most appropriate therapeutic approach in SCCHN.     

COMPLEX CDMA VERSUS FDMA/SCPC FOR LOW AND MEDIUM BIT RATE APPLICATIONS FOR FIXED SATELLITE SERVICES

In this paper, the performance of a DS-CDMA asynchronous satellite communication system, using four-phase sequences with near-optimum correlation properties, is analysed and compared with the result achievable by adopting the FDMA/SCPC approach. The comparison is carried out on the basis of the number of the simultaneous active channels in the network and of spectral efficiency. In addition, a similar CDMA system using four-phase sequences, constructed by means of binary Gold sequences having the same family size, has been analysed, and notable performance differences have been found. In particular, the use of four-phase near-optimal sequences provides an increase of about 50 per cent in the spectral efficiency. This result expands the convenience of using CDMA over a wider set of bit rate values, even for fixed satellite communications. Convolutional coding and Viterbi soft decoding are also included in the system. Simulation results are shown for some values of bit error probabilities of practical interest.     

THERMORESISTANCE OF PECTIN METHYLESTERASE IN SANGUINELLO ORANGE JUICE

The behavior of pectin methylesterase (EC 3.1.1.11) activity as a function of temperature was investigated in Sanguinello orange juice. The thermal inactivation of this enzyme was evaluated in the range of 75–95C and was found to be nonlinear. Due to very low activity content, after the thermal treatment at temperatures above 80C, the active enzyme was concentrated by affinity chromatography. The logarithmic values of decimal reduction times, plotted against temperature, showed a nonlinear pattern featuring a sudden change in slope at temperatures exceeding 85C. The z value determined in the range 85–95C was much higher than that calculated in the range 75–85 C. The decimal reduction times were used to estimate the times of treatment for the enzyme inactivation during a HTST process.     

RATE OF PHOTOCHLORINATION OF LIQUID n-HEPTANE

The rates of photochlorination of liquid solutions of Cl₂ and n-heptane were measured at 25^°C in a tubular-flow reactor. By using educed light intensities and short illuminated reactor lengths it was possible to obtain low conversions of chlorine (approach differential-reactor operation) for this fast reaction. The rate of morochloride production was first order in chlorine concentration and first order in light intensity. An overall quantum yield of 0.8 × 108 g mole/Einstein was obtained

At the low chlorine concentrations (> 1.5 mole 7percnt;) employed no dichlorides were found in the product. The monochlorides contained a little more of the primary isomer than has been observed in other photochemical studies.     

Nanotherapeutics approaches to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors

Adoptive cell therapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade Inhibitors have recently revolutionized the field of oncology. However, these types of immunotherapeutic approaches have limited success in treating solid tumors. In particular, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells efficacy is hampered by immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and by a limited infiltration of re-infused T cells to the tumor site. The field of nanobiotechnology applied to oncology is also rapidly expanding. Nanoparticles-based delivery systems can be employed to modulate the activity of immune cells present in the TME enhancing the efficacy of CAR-T cells. Interestingly, nano-backpacks can be attached to CAR-T cells prior to re-infusion to support their homing to the tumor site and to slowly release immunopotentiators directly in the TME. Furthermore, nanovaccines can also be employed to support the in vivo expansion of CAR-T cells with consequent enhancement of their therapeutic potential. In this viewpoint, recent advancement in the field of nanobiotechnology to support CAR-T cell therapy will be discussed. The development of novel therapeutic CAR-T cells protocols together with nanotherapies is warranted in order to take full advantage of the high therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell therapy.     

Effect of high intensity pulsed electric fields on enzymes and vitamins in bovine raw milk

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) were applied to fresh bovine raw milk using a laboratory-scale continuous PEF system to study the impact on selected native enzyme activities and on vitamin degradation. The activities of protease, lipase, alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase following PEF treatment at electric field strengths ranging from 15 to 35 kV/cm for treatment times of 12.5 µs to 75 µs were examined. Reductions in enzyme activity, even under the most severe conditions employed, were quite modest, amounting to 14%, 37% and 29% for lipase, protease and alkaline phosphatase, respectively, while the activity of lactoperoxidase remained unchanged. The PEF treatment had no effect on the levels of thiamin, riboflavin, retinol and α-tocopherol in the milk .     

Practical stability of large-scale discrete-time systems on product spaces†

In this paper are given necessary and sufficient conditions for practical stability on product spaces of discrete-time systems. The conditions stated, which take the form of existence of vector Lyapunov-like functions, are then employed for establishing, under suitable assumptions, computationally feasible sufficient conditions into an aggregate form for practical stability of large-scale discrete-time systems.     

Quantum interference in double photon emission

We study Fano-like interference in double photon absorption, describing quantum beats in the second-order correlation function for both a free Λ-V system and a driven four-level scheme which approximately reproduces the first one in the dressed state picture. Because of interference, both amplitude and frequency of the beat oscillations are modified and (in some case) suppressed. In the case of the driven system, a partial coherent control of these features can be obtained, even in the presence of spontaneous emission for the driven transition.