A radar ocean imaging model for small to moderate incidence angles

Based on a first-principles scattering theory applicable to small to moderate incidence angles, a new imaging model for ocean features is proposed. In contrast to the Alpers and Hennings Bragg-based model, the new model incorporates the full ocean wave spectrum, utilizes Hughes' suggested spectral decay rate formula and contains no adjustable parameters. For typical ocean currents, the new model predicts realistic values for L-band cross section modulations and comparable L-band and X-band cross section modulations. These latter results are shown to be due to backscatter from ocean waves that are significantly longer than the Bragg resonant wave. By comparison the Bragg-based imaging model is shown to predict that X-band modulations will be at least one order of magnitude weaker than L-band modulations.     

Comparison of a new radar ocean imaging model with SARSEX internal wave image data

Abstract

Good agreement is demonstrated between both L-band and X-band SARSEX internal wave image data and the predictions of a new radar ocean imaging model that incorporates Bragg, specular, and composite scattering effects. It then follows that a two-step hydrodynamic modulation process, as hypothesized by Hughes and Gower, Thompson and Gasparovic, and Watson, does not appear lo be required to explain why the SARSEX L-band and X-band internal wave image modulations are comparable.