LTC2: Only a first step in the right direction†

In a recent issue of this journal, Mitra et al. (1983) introduced a new heuristic LTC2 for lot size planning under time-varying demand. LTC2 is based on the least-total-cost (LTC) method, which tries to balance set-up costs against holding costs. LTC2 can be interpreted as applying the Silver-Meal (1973) heuristic in the first two periods of a procurement cycle only, and applying a certain LTC version in all other cases. This paper argues that the Silver-Meal heuristic usually performs better than the conventional LTC versions and that, on average nothing can be gained by combining the LTC and Silver-Meal procedures. In this sense, LTC2 is only a first step in the right direction: away from an inefficient LTC procedure.     

基于Modelica的生物质燃气内燃机性能模拟研究

针对由沼气成分及其理化特性导致的内燃机燃用沼气时会发生燃烧速度慢、后燃严重、排气温度高等问题,将生物质燃气内燃机作为研究对象,基于可重用性及面向对象的Modelica语言建立内燃机模型库,将生物质燃气为燃料对四缸四冲程火花点火内燃机性能进行分析.通过仿真研究不同比例天然气(体积分数分别为33%,67%及100%)和LP...     

LOW-TEMPERATURE DESTRUCTION OF Trichinella spiralis USING LIQUID NITROGEN AND LIQUID CARBON DIOXIDE

The destruction of Trichinella spiralis by low temperature treatment has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in combatting this parasite in fresh pork products. Current procedures, however, require a holding period under varying times and temperatures to accomplish this destruction. Freezing with cryogenic materials offers the opportunity to attain ultra low temperatures and, thus, eliminate post–freezing holding periods. Four trials were conducted using trichina-infected fresh pork patties approximately 9 mm thick and 88 mm square. In trials 1, 2 and 3 the patties were frozen with LN, using a modified Heath freezing tunnel to final equilibrated temperatures of –12C, –14°C, –20°C, –23°C, –25°C, –28°C, –29°C, –39°C and −47°C. In trial 4 the patties were frozen in a Certified Multideck tunnel using liquid CO₂ as a refrigerant to −10°C, –17°C, –23°C, –29°C and –39°C. Patties were thawed immediately and checked for viable T. spiralis. No positive samples were found at temperatures of –29°C or below.     

SALT CURE AND DRYING-TIME AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON VIABILITY OF Trichinella spiralis IN DRY-CURED HAMS

SUMMARY– An official USDA dry-cure ham processing procedure was evaluated for efficacy in devitalizing trichinae. The procedure consisted basically of a 40-day salt cure followed by 10 days of drying at 95° F or above. Within the cure period, marked loss of viability was noted only for trichinae in muscle with brine concentrations approaching 8%. The drying temperature was the critical factor in devitalizing trichinae. 28 days' cure followed by 6 days of drying at 98° F destroyed viability of all parasites regardless of brine concentration. Other effective drying time-temperature combinations included: 125° F-4 days; 70° F-35 days and 40°F-190 days.     

Application of Chrome Dyes to Wool by the Afterchrome Process

The fundamentals of and practical experience with a new method of applying chrome dyes to wool by the after–chrome process are discussed. The method is based on the stoichiometric relation between chromium and chrome dyes. By using special temperature control and an electrolyte, potassium dichromate is utilized more efficiently and effluent requirements can be met in most cases. The quality of the wool is improved compared to wool dyed by conventional afterchrome processes.     

QUANTUM CYBERNETICS: SYSTEMIC MODELING VERSUS MAGICAL MYSTIFICATIONS OF QUANTUM THEORY

Despite all negative accounts in many popular and superficial discussions of quantum theory causal and realistic interpretations of the quantum me chanical formalism can be demonstrated to work perfectly well They accept nonlocality as a well established fact and mostly consider a quantum system as analyzable into a local particlelike nonlinearity of a generally nonlocal wavelike mode of some subquantum structure of the vacuum Dirac ether In this view a particle can be considered as being guided along one specific route by the generally nonlocal configurations of superimposed waves which spread along all possible paths of an experimental setup Moreover in the approach of quantum cybernetics an additional focus is on the fact that the energy and momentum of a particle also determine the wave behavior Thus waves and particles are mutually and self consistently defined and quantum cybernetics puts particular emphasis on the circular relationship mediated byplane waves between a quantum system and its macroscopically defined boundary conditions To show how firmly rooted this picture is in the orthodoxquantum theory an example is discussed here on the basis of the standard formalism that makes a systemic approach called for     

Four years of ocean colour remote sensing with MOS-IRS

The imaging spectrometer MOS on IRS-P3 was launched in March 1996 as the first example of a new generation of ocean colour sensors. It consists of three different spectrometers in the visible/near-infrared spectral region with 18 channels. The IRS-P3 mission is focused on the remote sensing of case 2 water, particularly the derivation of different water constituents in coastal waters. Due to the more complex spectral behaviour of case 2 water, a new methodological approach was developed which works directly with satellite measured top-of-atmosphere radiance and accounts for the correlation of the different water constituents as well as for the spectral shape.

This paper gives an overview of the mission, the scientific goals and the development and improvement of the retrieval algorithms. The potential of the algorithm is demonstrated and examples of selected European coasts are shown. Derived maps of water constituents are presented.