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1.
Christian Veauthier Gunnar Gaede Helena Radbruch Klaus-Dieter Wernecke Friedemann Paul 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(7):16514-16528
Quality of Life (QoL) is decreased in multiple sclerosis (MS), but studies about the impact of sleep disorders (SD) on health-related quality of Life (HRQoL) are lacking. From our original cohort, a cross-sectional polysomnographic (PSG) study in consecutive MS patients, we retrospectively analysed the previously unpublished data of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Those MS patients suffering from sleep disorders (n = 49) showed significantly lower HRQoL compared to MS patients without sleep disorders (n = 17). Subsequently, we classified the patients into four subgroups: insomnia (n = 17), restless-legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder and SD due to leg pain (n = 24), obstructive sleep apnea (n = 8) and patients without sleep disorder (n = 17). OSA and insomnia patients showed significantly higher NHP values and decreased HRQoL not only for the sleep subscale but also for the “energy” and “emotional” area of the NHP. In addition, OSA patients also showed increased NHP values in the “physical abilities” area. Interestingly, we did not find a correlation between the objective PSG parameters and the subjective sleep items of the NHP. However, this study demonstrates that sleep disorders can reduce HRQoL in MS patients and should be considered as an important confounder in all studies investigating HRQoL in MS. 相似文献
2.
Real-time multimedia applications have to use forward error correction (FEC) anderror concealment techniques to cope with
losses in today’s best-effort Internet. The efficiency of these solutions is known however to depend on the correlation between
losses in the media stream. In this paper we investigate how the packet size distribution affects the packet loss process,
that is, the distribution of the number of lost packets in a block, the related FEC performance and the average loss run length.
We present mathematical models for the loss process of the MMPP+M/D/1/K and the MMPP+M/M/1/K queues; we validate the models
via simulations, and compare the results to simulation results with an MPEG-4 coded video trace. We conclude that the deterministic
packet size distribution (PSD) not only results in lower stationary loss probability than the exponential one, but also gives
a less correlated loss process, both at a particular average link load and at a particular stationary loss probability as
seen by the media stream.Our results show that for applications that can only measure the packet loss probability, the effects
of the PSD on FEC performance are higher in access networks, where a single multimedia stream might affect the multiplexing
behavior. Our results show that the effects of the PSD on FEC performance are higher in access networks, where a single multimedia
stream might affect the multiplexing behavior and thus can improve the queuing performance by decreasing the variance of its
PSD. 相似文献
3.
Process-based models have been extensively applied to assess the impact of landuse change on water quantity and quality at landscape scales. However, the routine application of those models suffers from large computational efforts, lack of transparency and the requirement of many input parameters. Data-based models such as Feed-Forward Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) may be used as effective models, i.e. simple approximations of complex process-based models. These data-based approaches can subsequently be applied for scenario analysis and as a transparent management tool provided climatic boundary conditions and the basic model assumptions of the process-based models do not change dramatically. In this study, we apply MLP, CART and Multiple Linear Regression (LR) to model the spatially distributed and spatially aggregated percolation in soils using weather, groundwater and soil data. The percolation data is obtained via numerical experiments with Hydrus1D. Thus, the complex process-based model is approximated using simpler data-based approaches. The MLP model explains most of the percolation variance in time and space without using any soil information. This reflects the effective dimensionality of the process-based model and suggests that percolation in the study area may be modelled much simpler than using Hydrus1D. The CART model shows that soil properties play a negligible role for percolation under wet climatic conditions. However, they become more important if the conditions turn drier. The LR method does not yield satisfactory predictions for the spatially distributed percolation however the spatially aggregated percolation is well approximated. This may indicate that the soils behave simpler (i.e. more linear) when percolation dynamics are upscaled. 相似文献
4.
Suggests that it is difficult to get an exact account of gambling behavior in Norway. It appears that gambling behavior in Norway has increased 50% during the observed 5-yr period. Little is known about the prevalence of problematic gambling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
A technique is described to image two phases (alumina and spinel) within a metal-matrix composite which takes advantage of charging effects that occur during examination in an SEM. Microscope and specimen parameters which affect the amount of contrast generated via charging are discussed, and imaging strategies are introduced to optimize the effect. “Model” metal-matrix composite specimens were developed to verify the degree of charging in each phase. 相似文献
6.
The distribution of the sum of a finite number of identically distributed random variables is in many cases easily determined given that the variables are independent. The moments of any order of the sum can always be expressed by the moments of the single term without computational problems. However, in the case of dependency between the terms even calculation of a few of the first moments of the sum presents serious computational problems.By use of computerized symbol manipulations it is practicable to obtain exact moments of partial sums of stationary sequences of mutually dependent lognormal variables or polynomials of standard Gaussian variables. The dependency structure is induced by specifying the autocorrelation structure of the sequence of standard Gaussian variables. Particularly useful polynomials are the Winterstein approximations that distributionally fit with non-Gaussian variables up to the moments of the fourth order [Winterstein, S. R. Nonlinear vibration models for extremes and fatigue. J. Engng Mech. ASCE 114 (1988) 1772–1790]1. A method to obtain the Winterstein approximation to a partial sum of a sequence of Winterstein approximations is explained and results are given for different autocorrelation functions of the generic Gaussian sequence.The primary purpose of the investigation is to provide a tool for judging the validity of the central limit theorem argument in specific applicational situations occurring in stochastic mechanics, that is, to judge the speed of convergence of the distribution of a sum (or an integral) of mutually dependent random variables to the Gaussian distribution. The paper is closely related to the work in Ditlevsen et al. [Ditlevsen, O., Mohr, G. & Hoffmeyer, P. Integration of non-Gaussian fields. Prob. Engng Mech 11 (1996) 15–23]2. 相似文献
7.
Optical DPSK at 565 Mb/s is performed by direct modulation of a narrow-linewidth 1.5-μm SL-QW-DFB (strain layer-quantum well-distributed feedback) transmitter laser. The bipolar RZ drive signal has no DC component which allows penalty-free transmission of 2 23-1 bit patterns. The heterodyne receiver contains an endless polarization controller with <6.3 or >12 rad/s tracking speed, depending on the tolerable intensity loss. A loss span of 62.3 dB is achieved,without degradation due to stimulated Brillouin scattering 相似文献
8.
Bahman Bohloli Bo Ronge Gunnar Gustafson 《Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment》2002,61(1):43-47
Mechanical testing and ultrasonic measurements were used to establish the properties of metamorphic rocks in different directions
of the foliation plane. Tests were undertaken on 42 mm diameter specimens cored at right angles to the foliation of gneissic
rocks from southwest Sweden. Ultrasonic and tensile testing was carried out in three diametral directions and the data for
each direction were compared. Coefficients, failure load anisotropy and velocity anisotropy were obtained. An anisotropy coefficient
of 3% was detected by ultrasonic measurements, while the Brazilian tests indicated 15%. The study has shown that an anisotropy
coefficient of the foliation plane is present, albeit small.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
9.
Anna-Lena Larsson Jos Solis Gunnar A. Niklasson 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2007,91(13):1248-1252
Thin films of amorphous and polycrystalline tungsten oxide were produced by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and nanocrystalline films were deposited by advanced gas evaporation. The films were submitted to electrochemical intercalation of Li ions before infrared reflectance measurements were carried out. For crystalline films, the reflectance in the wavelength region 10–30 μm increases upon intercalation, indicating an increasing free-electron contribution. On the other hand, all the films display an increased absorption at wavelengths less than 10 μm when intercalated. The thermal emittance could be varied from about 0.5 to 0.7–0.75 by intercalation in films with thicknesses in excess of 1 μm. Both absorption and interference contribute to the emittance contrast. 相似文献
10.
A numerical method has been developed for the performance prediction of spiral wound modules with constant and tapered permeate spacers, It takes into account the pressure drop in the brine and permeate channels and makes use of a three parameter model for the mass transfer through the membrane. For a given application and operating conditions, optimum geometrical characteristics of modules can be found. Tapering the permeate spacer the specific permeation rate can be increased by 10-30%, the wider the membrane the higher the value. 相似文献