An engineering method for complex structural optimization involving both size and topology design variables

This work presents an engineering method for optimizing structures made of bars, beams, plates, or a combination of those components. Corresponding problems involve both continuous (size) and discrete (topology) variables. Using a branched multipoint approximate function, which involves such mixed variables, a series of sequential approximate problems are constructed to make the primal problem explicit. To solve the approximate problems, genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to optimize discrete variables, and when calculating individual fitness values in GA, a second-level approximate problem only involving retained continuous variables is built to optimize continuous variables. The solution to the second-level approximate problem can be easily obtained with dual methods. Structural analyses are only needed before improving the branched approximate functions in the iteration cycles. The method aims at optimal design of discrete structures consisting of bars, beams, plates, or other components. Numerical examples are given to illustrate its effectiveness, including frame topology optimization, layout optimization of stiffeners modeled with beams or shells, concurrent layout optimization of beam and shell components, and an application in a microsatellite structure. Optimization results show that the number of structural analyses is dramatically decreased when compared with pure GA while even comparable to pure sizing optimization.     

线性分组码的神经网络译码

介绍了神经网络与线性分组码之间的关系，并在文献[1]的基础上证明了软判决译码与求解能量函数最大值之间的等价性，然后以(7，4，3)汉明码为例介绍了神经网络在循环码硬判决、软判决译码中的应用。     

Conwep算法和压力时程曲线荷载施加法在爆炸毁伤分析中的适用性

为给大型结构毁伤研究提供技术支撑,应用显示动力学有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,以加筋板毁伤实验为依据,分别采用Conwep算法和压力时程曲线荷载施加法将爆炸荷载施加到加筋板模型上,将两种方法的数值模拟结果与实验结果进行对比,并从受爆结构单元、荷载施加范围以及结构位移与速度3个角度分析两种方法的适用范围和局限性.结果 表明:应用Conwep算法得出的数值模拟结果与实验结果的相对误差不大于5.15％;应用压力时程曲线荷载施加法得出的数值模拟结果与实验结果的相对误差不大于5.46％,均满足工程要求.因此两种方法均可作为爆炸荷载施加方法.     

变截面Euler-Bernoulli梁稳态谐振动的微分求积法研究

研究运用微分求积法分析了均质变截面梁的稳态谐振动问题.首先,基于Euler-Bernoulli梁的基本理论,将均质变截面梁的横向稳态谐振动响应问题转化为一个变系数常微分方程的两点边值问题.再根据微分求积法理论,将该常微分方程的两点边值问题转化为高斯主元消去法求解线性代数方程组,从而获得均质变截面梁稳态谐振动的位移及内力正确解.通过等直梁和变截面梁两个数值算例,验证了微分求积法研究变截面梁稳态谐振动的可行性和精确性;同时,对数值计算结果进行数据分析,由梁的位移和内力等物理参量的急剧变化这一现象,可以定性判定梁发生共振的频率范围.     

生物基异山梨醇改性磺酸盐水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚碳酸酯二元醇(PCDL)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)为主要原料,以自制的含磺酸基的低聚物聚酯二元醇(SO3-2OH)为亲水单体,二羟甲基丁酸(DMPA)作为亲水扩链剂,合成了含磺酸基的聚氨酯预聚物,再采用生物基二元醇──异山梨醇(IS)对其进行改性,制备了可紫外光固化的异山梨醇改性磺酸盐水性聚氨酯(UV-SIWPU)乳液.通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、紫外可见近红外分光光度计(UV-VIS-NIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、光学接触角测量仪(OCA)等仪器对该乳液及其涂膜的结构、形貌和性能进行了分析.结果表明:当SO3-2OH含量为20％,IS含量为75％时,所制备的UV-SIWPU涂膜的综合性能优异:水接触角为23.2°,吸水率为11.6％,在水中浸泡7 d后不泛白、不脱落,耐水性较好,拉伸强度为6.5 MPa,断裂伸长率为253％,铅笔硬度达到2H,在550 nm处的透光率达到96.0％,热稳定性和防雾性能良好.     

铁在盐酸中的缓蚀剂的两种作用类型的研究

通过腐蚀电位、极化曲线与交流阻抗测量研究了3种伯胺和丙炔醇对铁在盐酸中的缓蚀作用类型。结果表明,3种伯胺的缓蚀作用是几何覆盖效应,而丙炔醇的缓蚀作用则来自负催化效应。还证明,在强阳极极化的Tafel 直线区间,十二烷胺吸附在电极表面的覆盖率θ不随电位改变,十四烷胺的θ随电位的升高而增大。丙炔醇使铁阳极溶解反应活化能位垒增高的量.fa(θ)随电位升高而减小,其数值为df_a(θ)/dE=-73J·mol_-1.mV-1。     

基于ECT的高速数据采集系统设计

数据采集系统的速度制约了电容层析成像技术在航空发动机气路监测系统等高速设备中的应用。为此,设计了一种基于FPGA的新型电容数据采集系统,采用DDR2存储技术和PCI总线技术实现了数据的高速传输。同时应用卡尔曼滤波器代替传统的FIR滤波器,有效提高了滤波效率。测试结果表明,该系统具有抗干扰能力强、采样精度高、处理速度快等优点。     

Multidisciplinary design modeling and optimizationfor satellite with maneuver capability

According to the mission of a satellite with maneuver capability, the collaborative optimization (CO) method was introduced for the satellite system design, and the related multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) model was established. The possessing and needed velocity increments Δv and Δv _{n e e d} were taken as the measurement of maneuvering capability of the studied satellite, which were then combined with total mass of the satellite to form the optimization objective in the systematic level of the MDO problem. The design variables and constraints of the MDO problem dealt with disciplines or subsystems as guidance, navigation and control (GNC), power, and structure, and corresponding engineering analysis models were also built. A program system to solve the MDO problem wasdeveloped by integrating a non-nested CO method, the commercial and user-supplied codes on framework software iSIGHT. The result showed that the satellite performance could be obviously improved, which also indicates MDO technique is feasible and effective for the spacecraft design problem. The modeling and optimization procedure of the work can be referred for further research and engineering design.     

Selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol on Cu–ZnO catalysts

Hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived glycerol is an alternative route to sustainable production of propylene glycol. Cu–ZnO catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation with a range of Cu/Zn atomic ratio (0.6–2.0) and examined in glycerol hydrogenolysis to propylene glycol at 453–513 K and 4.2 MPa H₂. These catalysts possess acid and hydrogenation sites required for bifunctional glycerol reaction pathways, most likely involving glycerol dehydration to acetol and glycidol intermediates on acidic ZnO surfaces, and their subsequent hydrogenation on Cu surfaces. Glycerol hydrogenolysis conversions and selectivities depend on Cu and ZnO particle sizes. Smaller ZnO and Cu domains led to higher conversions and propylene glycol selectivities, respectively. A high propylene glycol selectivity (83.6%), with a 94.3% combined selectivity to propylene glycol and ethylene glycol (also a valuable product) was achieved at 22.5% glycerol conversion at 473 K on Cu–ZnO (Cu/Zn = 1.0) with relatively small Cu particles. Reaction temperature effects showed that optimal temperatures (e.g. 493 K) are required for high propylene glycol selectivities, probably as a result of optimized adsorption and transformation of the reaction intermediates on the catalyst surfaces. These preliminary results provide guidance for the synthesis of more efficient Cu–ZnO catalysts and for the optimization of reaction parameters for selective glycerol hydrogenolysis to produce propylene glycol.