Hole flanging with cold extrusion on sheet metals by FE simulation

Flange height and lip thickness are generally restricted by the formability of sheet metals in the conventional hole flanging operation. In the current work, cold extrusion was applied and a special forming die set was designed with a stripper subjected to counter-pressure with an aim to obtain a more substantial flange. FEM software DEFORM was utilized to simulate this flange extrusion process with two forming conditions: forming with a fixed die cavity and forming with the stripper subjected to counter-pressure. The results showed the cup preform tended to buckle on its bottom with insufficient counter-pressure. The cup preform would start extruding a flange when critical counter-pressure was reached. The magnitude of the critical counter-pressure increased in flange extrusion of smaller inner diameters. The corresponding overall forming load was greatly reduced as compared to flange extrusion with a fixed die cavity.     

Trend transformation of drain-current degradation under drain-avalanche hot-carrier stress for CLC n-TFTs

Continuous-wave green laser-crystallized (CLC) single-grain-like polycrystalline silicon n-channel thin-film transistors (poly-Si n-TFTs) demonstrate the higher electron mobility and turn-on current than excimer laser annealing (ELA) poly-Si n-TFTs. Furthermore, high drain voltage accelerates the flowing electrons in n-type channel, and hence the hot-carriers possibly cause a serious damage near the drain region and deteriorate the source/drain (S/D) current. In this study, at high drain stress voltage, it appears that CLC TFT was degraded in the initial stress time (before 50 s), but the drain current was enhanced after 50 s. After 50 s stress time, the amount of grain boundary trap states near the drain side was getting large and the reflowing holes damaged the source region or injected into gate oxide near source side as well.     

Development of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Markers in Setaria italica (Poaceae) and Cross-Amplification in Related Species

Foxtail millet is one of the world's oldest cultivated crops. It has been adopted as a model organism for providing a deeper understanding of plant biology. In this study, 45 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of Setaria italica were developed. These markers showing polymorphism were screened in 223 samples from 12 foxtail millet populations around Taiwan. The most common dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat motifs are AC/TG (84.21%) and CAT (46.15%). The average number of alleles (N(a)), the average heterozygosities observed (H(o)) and expected (H(e)) are 3.73, 0.714, 0.587, respectively. In addition, 24 SSR markers had shown transferability to six related Poaceae species. These new markers provide tools for examining genetic relatedness among foxtail millet populations and other related species. It is suitable for germplasm management and protection in Poaceae.     

城市交通路口机动车尾气污染物扩散的数值研究

采用标准k-ε湍流模型建立了城市交通路口机动车尾气扩散的计算模型,研究了十字和丁字两类典型交通路口地面呼吸带流场和机动车尾气扩散现象,分析了气流对流、污染物扩散、建筑尾涡等对污染物分布的影响。结果表明,位于交叉路口下风向区域的污染物浓度高于上风位置;十字路口的浓度分布要高于同一水平的T路口的分布。在气流对流、污染物扩散、建筑尾涡的共同作用下,靠近交叉路口附近的街区会出现高浓度分布。本研究为城市规划、交通组织和环境管理提供重要参考。     

Fabrication of microfluidic structures in quartz via micro machining technologies

Microfluidic channels have been created for quartz material using micromechanical manufacturing technologies such as micro laser machining, micro ultrasonic machining, and ultra-precision machining. Ultra-precision machining has been used to manufacture cross-junction channels 14 µm wide and 28 µm deep with a three-dimensional triangle cross-section. Micro laser machining has been used to manufacture U-shaped and -shaped microfluidic channels. Deep holes and microfluidic channels with a high slenderness ratio (width/depth) can be obtained by using micro ultrasonic machining technology. These three machining techniques are compared with respect to surface profiles and machining quality.

     

An investigation of cold extruding hollow flanged parts from sheet metals

Hole flanging with cold extrusion can avoid necking or fracture as encountered in conventional sheet metal-forming operations. Substantial flange height and lip thickness can be achieved with flange extrusion because the forming load is compressive. Using a hydraulic press, flange extrusions of 5 and 10 mm inner diameters were produced in pieces of cup-shaped galvanized steel, as well as aluminum 5052 workpieces with a thickness of 0.8 mm, both of which had a pre-hole on the cup bottom. As the punch load was exerted on the cup rim, a clamping force was applied to suppress dilation on the cup bottom.The experiments showed that with sufficient clamping force, significant flange height could be extruded. The utmost extruded flange of 5 mm i.d. was 6 times larger than that drawn from the conventional method, whereas that of 10 mm i.d. was 3.8 times larger than that drawn from the conventional method. However, no flange was extruded and buckling occurred on the cup bottom when the clamping force was insufficient. The experiments confirmed the results predicted by the FE simulation. For a selected flange inner diameter, the ratio of the extruded flange height to the increase in cup bottom thickness was directly related to the normalized clamping pressure, i.e. the ratio of clamping pressure to workpiece yield strength. Therefore, both the application of a larger clamping force or the use of low-strength workpiece materials facilitated the extrusion of flange while suppressing the dilation of the cup bottom. Flange extrusions with a larger diameter correspond to a smaller extrusion ratio or reduction of area. Experiments showed that a significant flange height could be extruded with a 10 mm inner diameter for both galvanized-steel and aluminum 5052, while results for extrusions with a 5 mm inner diameter were unfavorable when using galvanized-steel. High-strength materials and a high extrusion ratio required greater clamping force for the flange extrusion process, and consequently caused excessive forming load on the forming dies as well as on the hydraulic press, thus rendering the process less effective.     

Characteristics of magnetic sensor with assembly errors in a rotary recording system

Microsystem Technologies - A magnetic position sensing system consists of a magnetic rotary ring with polarities magnetized on its radial surface and a position sensor made of magnetoresistance....     

通风室内地板辐射供暖过程模拟与评价

采用k-ε湍流模型和DO辐射模型建立了室内带置换通风的地板辐射供暖系统的数学模型,数值模拟了侧送风、上送风和不带通风三种情况下的温度分布和速度分布,以及沿辐射地板和外墙上的辐射换热与对流换热的特性,分析了送风方式对室内空气流动和换热的影响。结果显示,室内平均温差在1℃范围内;不同送风方式下,室内空气流动呈现不同的规律;三种情况下沿地板和外墙上的换热过程均以辐射为主,室内辐射平均热流约占总热流的50-60%,其中上送风的比例最大,而三者的辐射强度差别不大;侧送风时沿地板和外墙上的对流换热能力最强。研究表明置换通风加强了对流换热,有利于改善室内的热舒适性。研究结果对地板辐射供暖技术和工程应用有重要意义。