Current results of endoscopic sphincterotomy for lithiasis of the common bile duct

Between January 1989 and June 1990, endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 308 consecutive patients with common bile duct stones (mean age: 74 years). Complete clearance of common bile duct was achieved at the first attempt in 65% of cases. This rate was significantly related to the size and the number of biliary stones. The success rate reached 97 percent after repeated endoscopic sessions (127 patients), mechanical lithotripsy (20 patients), extracorporeal or intracorporeal lithotripsy (18 and 11 patients, respectively). During the month following the endoscopic sphincterotomy, 39 patients (13%) developed one or more complications and 11 patients (3.7%) died. The complication rate was related to the time elapsed between biliary opacification and endoscopic sphincterotomy (P = 0.04) and between endoscopic sphincterotomy and total common bile duct clearance (P = 0.0007). No patient younger than 75 years died, but death occurred in 4.5% of the patients older than 75 years. Thirty patients (10%) developed endoscopic sphincterotomy-related complications. Cholangitis and bleeding were the most frequent complications (4 and 2%, respectively). Cholangitis occurred more frequently among the patients older than 75 (P < 0.05) or when transhepatic guided endoscopic sphincterotomy or intracorporeal lithotripsy was used (P < 0.005). Cholangitis led to death in 2 patients, 86 and 87 years old (0.7%). Endoscopic sphincterotomy related complications developed within 48 hours in all but 4 patients (2 patients with pancreatitis and 2 patients with cholecystitis).     

加强企业管理 坚持科技兴企

上海墨水厂是一个有七十六年历史的专业生产墨水的企业,是中国墨水行业中建厂最早、产品品种、产量、销量始终处于国内同行业领先地位的企业。近年来同国内其它墨水企业一样也面临着市场的激烈竞争和严峻的挑战。在社会主义市场经济下,由于企业不断加强管理,扎实走科技兴企业的道路,使企业不断战胜困难,不断地得到发展。