X-ray or UV adjustment of MOS threshold voltage: Analytical and numerical modeling

A model is formulated that describes how radiation-induced charge accumulates in the gate oxide of a MOS structure and how it decays through tunneling and thermal emission. The model is used in a numerical analysis of the x-ray or UV adjustment of threshold voltage in MOS-circuit manufacture. The limits of this process technique are evaluated.     

Oxidation of boron silicide and materials based on it

Boron silicide and compounds based on it containing titanium, chromium, nickel, and yttrium and scandium oxides are studied for their oxidation in air from room temperature to 1300°C. It is shown that chromium boride markedly improves the heat resistance of B₄Si over a wide temperature range (700–1300°C) probably as a result chromium-oxide dissolution in borosilicate glass and alteration of its structure. A favorable effect of yttrium and scandium oxides as well of nickel silicide appears at above 100°C as a result of forming complex oxide compounds in the scale.     

Effect of Dilution and Porosity on Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis of Silicon Nitride

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis is a very easy and low-cost method to synthesize Si₃N₄. The nitriding of silicon powder takes place in a self-sustained regime under high pressures of nitrogen with dilution of silicon by Si₃N₄. In this work effects of dilution and green-mixture porosity on combustion velocity and phase content of reaction products are studied. Results are compared with previous work of other authors and different behaviors are found. An explanation of these behaviors is given.     

Certain regularities of the kinetics of drying of moist materials

A method for calculating the kinetics of drying under the conditions of continuous variation in the Rehbinder number in the period of decreasing drying rate is considered. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 143–146, July–August, 2007.     

Analysis of the parameters of discrete particle motion in axisymmetric turbulent impinging jets

The parameters of discrete particle motion in axisymmetric turbulent impinging air jets are determined.Notation x, y coordinates (Fig. 1) - v_x jet velocity - V_o maximum jet velocity - r_o nozzle radius - l _i length of the initial jet section - L spacing between the nozzle and the collision plane - ¯x dimensionless coordinate referred to the nozzle radius - ¯x_i dimensionless length of the initial section referred to the nozzle radius - d particle diameter - ₁ jet density - particle density - c_x particle drag coefficient - v particle velocity - v₁ axial jet velocity - kinematic coefficient of the flow viscosity - ¯x_o dimensionless coordinate referred to the distance L - d_c cement particle diameter - d_s sand particle diameter - ¯v_i dimensionless velocity of particle insertion into the jet, referred to V_o Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 813–817, November, 1979.     

A Generative Probabilistic Oriented Wavelet Model for Texture Segmentation

This Letter addresses image segmentation via a generative model approach. A Bayesian network (BNT) in the space of dyadic wavelet transform coefficients is introduced to model texture images. The model is similar to a Hidden Markov model (HMM), but with non-stationary transitive conditional probability distributions. It is composed of discrete hidden variables and observable Gaussian outputs for wavelet coefficients. In particular, the Gabor wavelet transform is considered. The introduced model is compared with the simplest joint Gaussian probabilistic model for Gabor wavelet coefficients for several textures from the Brodatz album [1]. The comparison is based on cross-validation and includes probabilistic model ensembles instead of single models. In addition, the robustness of the models to cope with additive Gaussian noise is investigated. We further study the feasibility of the introduced generative model for image segmentation in the novelty detection framework [2]. Two examples are considered: (i) sea surface pollution detection from intensity images and (ii) image segmentation of the still images with varying illumination across the scene.     

Special features of heating and melting electrodes with an exothermic mixture in the coating

Experimental results show that exothermic reactions in the heating and melting stages of electrode coating take place when the coating contains more than 35% of the exothermic mixture. Data for the effect of the amount of exothermic mixture in the electrode coating on heating and melting of the electrodes are presented. The thermal balance of melting the electrodes with the exothermic mixture in the coating is calculated. The results show that the temperature of 1273 K at which the efficiency of the exothermic reaction is high is reached at a distance of approximately 1 mm from the electrode tip. It is confirmed that the addition of up to 53.4% of the exothermic mixture to the electrode coating increases the effective efficiency of heating the parent metal (η_m) from 0.715 to 0.815 and of the electrode (η_el) from 0.28 to 0.415.     

Calculation and Experimental Analysis of the Stress-Strain State for Inclined Semielliptical Surface Cracks

Numerical calculation data on the characteristics of linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics are presented. These characteristics help to predict the surface development of studied cracks before their initiation on the surface of a product. In addition, they provide the specified durability and strength evaluation of important elements of equipment with consideration of the kinetics of the local fracture processes along the contours of differently oriented semielliptical surface cracks with consideration of the local dimension of the stress state and their relative depth.