Switching supports for stateful object remoting on network processors

Distributed object-oriented environments have become important platforms for parallel and distributed service frameworks. Among distributed object-oriented software, .NET Remoting provides a language layer of abstractions for performing parallel and distributed computing in .NET environments. In this paper, we present our methodologies in supporting .NET Remoting over meta-clustered environments. We take the advantage of the programmability of network processors to develop the content-based switch for distributing workloads generated from remote invocations in .NET. Our scheduling mechanisms include stateful supports for .NET Remoting services. In addition, we also propose scheduling policy to incorporate work-flow models as the models are now incorporated in many of tools of grid architectures. The result of our experiment shows that the improvement of EFT is from 5% to 21% when compared to ETT and is from 8% to 34% when compared to RR while the stateful task ratio is 50%. Our schemes are effective in supporting the switching of .NET Remoting computations over meta-cluster environments.     

Support NNEF execution model for NNAPI

The Journal of Supercomputing - With growing applications such as image recognition, speech recognition, ADAS, and AIoT, artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks are becoming popular in various...     

Software architecture design for streaming Java RMI

In recent years, network streaming becomes a highly popular research topic in computer science due to the fact that a large proportion of network traffic is occupied by multimedia streaming. In this paper we present novel methodologies for enhancing the streaming capabilities of Java RMI. Our streaming support for Java RMI includes the pushing mechanism, which allows the servers to push data in a streaming fashion to the client site, and the aggregation mechanism, which allows the client site to make a single remote invocation to gather data from multiple servers that keep replicas of data streams and aggregate partial data into a complete data stream. In addition, our system also allows the client site to forward local data to other clients. Our framework is implemented by extending the Java RMI stub to allow custom designs for streaming buffers and controls, and by providing a continuous buffer for raw data in the transport layer socket. This enhanced framework allows standard Java RMI services to enjoy streaming capabilities. In addition, we propose aggregation algorithms as scheduling methods in such an environment. Preliminary experiments using our framework demonstrate its promising performance in the provision of streaming services in Java RMI layers.     

Mobile Java RMI support over heterogeneous wireless networks: A case study

Distributed object-oriented platforms are increasingly important in wireless environments to provide frameworks for collaborative computation and for managing a large pool of distributed resources. One of the important layers for implementing distributed computing in such environments is via remoting mechanisms. For example, Java uses Remote Method Invocation (RMI) for handling distributed controls. In this paper, we investigate the support for this important layer on wireless environments and address the issues to support Java RMI over heterogeneous wireless environments. We present a case study for supporting Java RMI in Bluetooth, GPRS, and WLAN environments, which represents an important middleware for component communications. The Bluetooth layer is supported by incorporating a set of protocol stack layers for Bluetooth, known as JavaBT that has been developed by us, and by supporting an L2CAP layer with sockets to support Java RMI sockets. RMI over GPRS/WLAN is achieved by RMI implementation over IP layer. Our support for the roaming of Java RMI over heterogeneous wireless networks is based on the concept of direct connection, which avoids the problems caused by forwarding. The difficulty of this strategy is how to handle the existing connection when the mobile node moves to another location so as to avoid interruption of the high-level applications. We solve this problem in Java RMI by the support of dynamic addresses and dynamic sockets. We also propose algorithms to handle the handoff process. In addition, methods for connect-loss detection and data-integrity maintenance in dealing with roaming scenarios are also presented. Java Grande benchmarks are used to demonstrate that our RMI implementations over GPRS, WLAN, and Bluetooth networks are effective in supporting parallel and distributed control of Java layers in heterogeneous wireless environments.     

Modulation of Nitrosative Stress via Glutathione-Dependent Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase and S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase

Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (GFD) from Taiwanofungus camphorata plays important roles in formaldehyde detoxification and antioxidation. The enzyme is bifunctional. In addition to the GFD activity, it also functions as an effective S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) against nitrosative stress. We investigated the modulation of HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293T cells under nitrosative stress by transfecting a codon optimized GFD cDNA from Taiwanofungus camphorata (Tc-GFD-O) to these cells. The parental and transfected HEK 293T cells were then subjected to S-nitrosoglutathione treatment to induce nitrosative stress. The results showed that in Tc-GFD-O-transfected 293T cells, the expression and activity of GFD increased. Additionally, these cells under the nitrosative stress induced by S-nitrosoglutathione showed both higher viability and less apoptosis than the parental 293T cells. This finding suggests that the Tc-GFD-O in HEK 293T cells may provide a protective function under nitrosative stress.     

Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Embedded Multicore Applications and Optimization

Journal of Signal Processing Systems -     

Effective Code Generation for Distributed and Ping-Pong Register Files: A Case Study on PAC VLIW DSP Cores

The compiler is generally regarded as the most important software component that supports a processor design to achieve success. This paper describes our application of the open research compiler infrastructure to a novel VLIW DSP (known as the PAC DSP core) and the specific design of code generation for its register file architecture. The PAC DSP utilizes port-restricted, distributed, and partitioned register file structures in addition to a heterogeneous clustered data-path architecture to attain low power consumption and a smaller die. As part of an effort to overcome the new challenges of code generation for the PAC DSP, we have developed a new register allocation scheme and other retargeting optimization phases that allow the effective generation of high quality code. Our preliminary experimental results indicate that our developed compiler can efficiently utilize the features of the specific register file architectures in the PAC DSP. Our experiences in designing compiler support for the PAC VLIW DSP with irregular resource constraints may also be of interest to those involved in developing compilers for similar architectures.

NNBlocks: a Blockly framework for AI computing

The Journal of Supercomputing - Deep learning compiler tool, Tensor Virtual Machine (TVM), has excellent deployment, compilation, and optimization capabilities supported by the industry following...     

Parallel Architecture Core (PAC)—the First Multicore Application Processor SoC in Taiwan Part I: Hardware Architecture &; Software Development Tools

In order to develop a low-power and high-performance SoC platform for multimedia applications, the Parallel Architecture Core (PAC) project was initiated in Taiwan in 2003. A VLIW digital signal processor (PACDSP) has been developed from a proprietary instruction set with multimedia-rich instructions, a complexity-effective microarchitecture with an innovative distributed & ping-pong register organization and variable-length VLIW encoding, to a highly-configurable soft IP with several successful silicon implementations. A complete toolchain with an optimizing C compiler has also been developed for PACDSP. A dual-core PAC SoC has been designed and fabricated, which consists of a PACDSP core, an ARM9 core, scratchpad memories, and various on-chip peripherals, to demonstrate the outstanding performance and energy efficiency for multimedia processing such as the real-time H.264 codec. The first part of the two introductory papers of PAC describes the hardware architecture of the PACDSP core, its software development tools, and the PAC SoC with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS).