Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

埋地管道涂层检测技术现状

文章对各种埋地管道涂层检测技术进行了综述,并指出了各种技术的优缺点及应用前景.     

高温过热器12Cr2MoWVTib（102）钢管的显微组织和相结构分析

本文对原始状态和在火力发电厂使用不同时间的高这热器１０２钢管进行了显微组织和相结构变化规律的探讨和研究。显微组织研究表明，１０２钢管在高温高压下长期运行过程中，使用温度对显微组织和碳化物相有明显影响，而使用时间对其影响不如温度影响强烈。碳化物颗粒图象分析表明，碳化物随着使用时间缓慢长大，而新的碳化物不沉淀，使颗粒总数不断增加，颗粒，间距逐渐缩小。Ｘ射线衍射数据证明，钢管在高温长期使用过程中，ＭＣ相     

热镀锌渣真空蒸馏回收锌

在钢件热镀锌过程中，产出约占锌总量１０％的热镀锌渣，渣中含锌和少量铁，铅，铜，铝等杂质。用直空蒸馏方法从热镀锌渣中提取锌；具空度１．３３×１０＾２－１．３３×１０＾３Ｐａ，温度９００℃，作业时间１１ｈ／炉，电耗约２０００度／ｔ锌，试验表明，锌的直收离可达８４％，为热镀锌渣中锌的回收提供了一英经济而合理的方法。     

基于径向基的瓦斯涌出量灰色预测模型

为了进一步预防煤层瓦斯突出,实现准确、快速预测煤矿瓦斯涌出量的大小,首先采用1-AGO对样本数据进行处理,建立灰色(GM)预测模型,再利用径向基(RBF)神经网络对灰色预测模型结果进行预测,以作为其最终的预测值;采用阜新煤矿某工作面瓦斯涌出量的历史数据进行建模,实验结果表明,GM-RBF组合模型在预测精度及训练误差方面均优于单一的GM模型和RBF神经网络预测模型;算法计算简便,减弱了数据的随机性及模型误差,煤矿瓦斯涌出量的预测平均误差减小到1.57%。     

Spinose carbon nanotubes grown on graphitized DLC film by low frequency r.f. plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Spinose carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) are grown on silicon substrates covered with diamond-like carbon film and iron catalyst film (Fe/DLC/Si structure) by low frequency r.f. plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LFRF-PECVD). During the pre-treatment of the Fe/DLC/Si substrate, there are three processes happened, namely, iron film spalled to small islands, the DLC film graphitized, and the iron island reacted partially with the graphitized DLC (GDLC), which can be deduced from the Raman spectroscopy and SEM pictures. SCNTs film grew from C₂H₂---H₂ mixture under low plasma density. The good contact of carbon nanotube with GDLC film was acquired by the accumulation of the graphite sheets and the reaction between the iron particles and GDLC film. The homogeneous spines with the length of approximately 15 nm and the thickness of <5 nm burgeoned from the defects at the wall of carbon nanotube and distributed uniformly, which were in fact thin bent or rolled-up graphite sheets.     

采用听觉外周模型改进电子耳蜗CIS方案

提出了一种改进的CIS电子耳蜗的脉冲刺激方案。利用听觉外周模型产生一种符合听神经发放机制的刺激脉冲序列来刺激电极,代替传统的均匀交替刺激方案,不仅可以通过包络而且可以通过脉冲间隔来传递语音信息,确保了语音的空间编码和时间编码。听觉仿真实验表明,相对于其他两种方案,方案可以有效地传递更多更丰富的语音信息,在汉语声调识别实验中至少提高19.2%识别率,在可懂度的对比实验中具有最高可懂度。     

中文信息处理的词法问题——以句本位语法图解树库构建为背景

该文对比了句本位语法图解树库与中文信息处理现行词法规范在分词单位和词类标注两方面的差异,指出目前自动词法分析与句法分析的若干脱节之处,梳理了图解树库中关于临时造词、惯用语等特殊结构的标注策略和语言学理据,并探讨了“依句辨品”和“指称化”等汉语词类相关理论在中文信息处理中的实现方式。     

基于Allan方差法的MEMS惯性器件随机噪声分析

地震仪测量的通常为水平分量,而对旋转分量的测量与研究还相对较少.单独运用陀螺仪测量振动的旋转分量,准确度不高,而且测量结果的漂移量较大.基于MEMS惯性器件的无陀螺捷联惯导技术或者陀螺仪-加速度计组合技术,为六自由度振动测量提供了便利.由于受其加工工艺的限制,MEMS惯性器件的测量精度还存在较大的差异,因此需要对MEMS惯性器件的误差特性进行对比测试与分析.文章应用Allan方差法对两种MEMS惯性器件的随机噪声进行了分析,得到了量化噪声、速度随机游走、零偏不稳定性、加速度随机游走、速率斜坡等5项随机噪声指标.随机噪声分析的结果表明,Allan方差法能有效地对MEMS惯性器件的随机噪声进行评估和分析.     

结合相对熵和多跳转发路由的改进WSN节能策略

目前,基于低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议(LEACH)的改进协议大多是从簇头选举、簇的分布、路径选择等方面入手,数据之间的冗余性考虑不够。提出了一种结合相对信息熵的改进LEACH协议(LEACH-CIE),结合相对熵模型,计算节点相邻两个周期数据概率分布的相对熵值,再与阈值进行比较,以此判断数据的冗余度,通过拒绝冗余数据的传输,达到降低网络能耗的目的。在数据发送阶段,考虑通信距离、能耗比等因素,提出一种兼顾自身剩余能量的多跳转发路由(MFRCRE),优化节点转发条件,均衡网络各节点的能量消耗速率。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低并均衡网络节点的能耗以延长网络生存周期。