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1.
Brian Lawn David Marshall Rishi Raj Greg Hirth Trevor Page Julie Yeomans 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(1):23-26
Crystalline quartz has long been identified as among the weakest of abundant crustal minerals. This weakness is particularly evident around the α–β phase inversion at 573°C, in which Si–O bonds undergo a displacive structural transformation from trigonal to hexagonal symmetry. Here we present data using indentation testing methodologies that highlight the precipitous extent of the transformational weakening. Although the indentations are localized over relatively small specimen contact areas, the data quantify the essential deformation and fracture properties of quartz in a predominantly (but not exclusively) compressive stress field, at temperatures and pressures pertinent to conditions in the earth's crust. 相似文献
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Sophia X. Sui Lana J. Williams Kara L. Holloway-Kew Natalie K. Hyde Julie A. Pasco 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age. It involves both complex genetic and modifiable risk factors, such as lack of exercise, malnutrition and reduced neurological drive. Cognitive decline refers to diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual functioning. Contracting skeletal muscle is a major source of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which regulate synapses in the brain. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that modify brain function and reduce muscle catabolism. The identification of common risk factors and underlying mechanisms for sarcopenia and cognition may allow the development of targeted interventions that slow or reverse sarcopenia and also certain forms of cognitive decline. However, the links between cognition and skeletal muscle have not been elucidated fully. This review provides a critical appraisal of the literature on the relationship between skeletal muscle health and cognition. The literature suggests that sarcopenia and cognitive decline share pathophysiological pathways. Ageing plays a role in both skeletal muscle deterioration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, lifestyle risk factors, such as physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking, are common to both disorders, so their potential role in the muscle–brain relationship warrants investigation. 相似文献
7.
Sheldon H. Jacobson Julie L. Virta Jon M. Bowman John E. Kobza John J. Nestor 《IIE Transactions》2003,35(3):259-269
Aviation security protects vital national interests, as well as passengers and aircraft. Key components of an aviation security system include baggage and passenger screening devices and operations. Determining how and where to assign (deploy) such devices can be quite challenging. Moreover, even after such systems are in place, it can be difficult to measure their effectiveness. This paper describes how discrete optimization models can be used to address these questions, based on three performance measures that quantify the effectiveness of airport baggage screening security device systems. These models are used to solve for optimal airport baggage screening security device deployments considering the number of passengers on a set of flights who have not been cleared using a security risk assessment system in use by the Federal Aviation Administration (i.e., passengers whose baggage is subjected to screening), the number of flights in this set, and the size of the aircraft for such flights. Several examples are provided to illustrate these results, including an example that uses data available from the Official Airline Guide. 相似文献
8.
In this study, nanocrystalline Ni powders and thermally sprayed coatings, containing ultrafine AlN particles, were synthesized
and characterized. The results indicated that the presence of AlN particles in the powders drastically decreased the dimension
of agglomerates formed by cryomilling and increased the surface roughness of the agglomerates. The AlN phase was broken down
into ultrafine particles of approximately 30 nm in size. These particles were dispersed in the Ni matrix and enhanced the
development of a nanocrystalline structure in the Ni matrix during cryomilling. Selected-area diffraction patterns, obtained
from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray mapping with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed the presence
of AlN particles in the coatings. The presence of AlN particles also led to an increase in the amount of NiO phase that was
distributed in the coating, in the form of ultrafine, round particles. AlN particles increased the microhardness of the Ni
coating by approximately 60 pct. Indentation-fracture results also indicated that the fine, dispersed AlN particles raised
the apparent toughness of the Ni coating. The synthesized Ni coatings containing ultrafine AlN particles were characterized
as equiaxed nanocrystalline grains with an average size of 24 nm, in which twins were observed. The increase in microhardness
resulted from both grain refinement and the presence of ultrafine particles. The latter played the primary role in strengthening. 相似文献
9.
Mueser Kim T.; Bellack Alan S.; Wade Julie H.; Sayers Steven L.; Tierney Ann; Haas Gretchen 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,102(3):339
Examined social skills and social perception of 48 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients (aged 18–55 yrs) in response to negative affect as a function of family expressed emotion (EE). Ss participated in a role-play test, a social perception test, and a problem-solving discussion with a family member and were assessed on several measures of symptomatology. EE of family members was evaluated with the Camberwell Family Interview. On the role-play test, Ss with less critical relatives became more assertive in response to increased negative affect from a confederate portraying either a family member or friend, but Ss with highly critical relatives did not. Ss with highly critical relatives were also less assertive when confronted with negative affect from a confederate portraying a family member rather than a friend. The behaviors of both relatives and Ss during a family problem-solving interaction were related to the EE dimensions of criticism, emotional overinvolvement, and warmth. Patient gender was also related to family problem solving but was independent of EE. S's ratings of affect on a videotaped social perception task were not related to family EE, and there were few differences in psychopathology between Ss with high and low EE relatives.… (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
A new online streaming video and multi‐media application called eTEACH, http:eTEACH.engr.wisc.edu was used to reform a large, lecture‐based computer science course for engineering majors. In‐class lectures were replaced with videotaped lectures and other materials that students viewed on the Internet on their own schedule, making it possible to use the live class periods for small, team problem‐solving sessions facilitated by the professors and a teaching assistant. By using the eTEACH application to transform course lectures into “homework” and free up the face‐to‐face class time for working on problems that were similar to homework assignments, the professors effectively reversed the lecture and homework paradigm of a typical large lecture course. A thorough course evaluation over two semesters showed that students who took the online lecture version of the course gave significantly higher ratings to all aspects of the course, including lecture usefulness, professor responsiveness, the course overall, and the instructor. Although a few students missed having the opportunity to ask questions during lectures, about two‐thirds of the 531 students surveyed felt it was easier to take notes and understand the lectures presented via eTEACH than it would have been while attending the same lecture live, and 78% of students appreciated the ability to view and review course lectures on their own schedule. 相似文献