强调材料——清华大学核能技术研究院花园的再设计

1设计意识核能研究院花园再设计的项目证明了朱育帆在本设计中的一个偏好的原发点:材料意识和对材料精确性的把握。从这种材料意识出发,他的设计赋予了这个地点一种新的愉悦氛围,甚至是对当代中国风景园林境遇的一种注释。     

Universities in Evolutionary Systems of Innovation

This paper criticizes the current narrow view on the role of universities in knowledge‐based economies. We propose to extend the current policy framework of universities in national innovation systems (NIS) to a more dynamic one, based on evolutionary economic principles. The main reason is that this dynamic view fits better with the practice of innovation processes. We contribute on ontological and methodological levels to the literature and policy discussions on the effectiveness of university‐industry knowledge transfer and the third mission of universities. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications for the main stakeholders.     

Inelastic Plate Buckling

Current models to determine the local buckling stress of inelastic plates under in-plane loading are based on plastic deformation theory and semirational or empirical relationships. A successful J2 flow theory describing inelastic local buckling of initially perfect plates needs to avoid two well-known pitfalls known as the “inelastic column buckling paradox” and the “plastic buckling paradox.” While the former problem, which found its origin in 1895 in Engesser’s double modulus approach, was resolved by Shanley in the late 1940s, a convincing solution of the plastic buckling paradox has not yet been presented. This paper proposes a modification to the J2 flow theory which hinges on the determination of the shear stiffness from second-order considerations. A differential equation is derived which describes the incremental plate deformations at the inelastic local buckling load. The differential equation is studied for two cases of boundary conditions: a plate simply supported along four edges and a plate simply supported along three edges with one longitudinal edge free.     

Ester-functionalized poly(3-alkylthiophene) copolymers: Synthesis,physicochemical characterization and performance in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells

The introduction of functional moieties in the donor polymer (side chains) offers a potential pathway toward selective modification of the nanomorphology of conjugated polymer:fullerene active layer blends applied in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics, pursuing morphology control and solar cell stability. For this purpose, two types of poly(3-alkylthiophene) random copolymers, incorporating different amounts (10/30/50%) of ester-functionalized side chains, were efficiently synthesized using the Rieke method. The solar cell performance of the functionalized copolymers was evaluated and compared to the pristine P3HT:PCBM system. It was observed that the physicochemical and opto-electronic characteristics of the polythiophene donor material can be modified to a certain extent via copolymerization without (too much) jeopardizing the OPV efficiency, as far as the functionalized side chains are introduced in a moderate ratio (<30%) and that preference is given to side chains with a small molar volume. A range of complementary techniques – UV–Vis spectroscopy, (modulated temperature) differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis – indicated that variations in polymer crystallinity, while maintaining a high level of regioregularity, are probably the main factor responsible for the observed differences.     

Separation of He/N2/CH4 ternary mixtures by a triple-reflux pressure swing adsorption process

Conventional pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes can only produce one high purity product in a single stage, whereas the state-of-art dual-reflux PSA (DR-PSA) can produce two high purity products simultaneously. However, multicomponent gas separation is often required in the industry, targeting at recovering several valued products at the same time. In this study, we propose a novel adsorption process, namely triple-reflux PSA (TR-PSA), to separate three components simultaneously. A middle product outlet and a middle reflux stream were introduced to the adsorption columns of a conventional DR-PSA process to separate ternary mixtures of nitrogen, methane, and helium. Nonisothermal dynamic models were built to investigate the impacts of operating parameters particularly the location of the middle reflux/product stream and the middle reflux flow rates. Results showed that the TR-PSA process successfully separated ternary mixtures obtaining three enriched products simultaneously in a single stage, yielding a separation performance comparable to that of the double-stage DR-PSA with significantly lower capital and energy cost.     

建立中国的规划文化辩证体系——荷兰经验的启发

引言 荷兰的国土面积约为41500 km2,其中约20%是水域.全国总人口数约为1600万,人口密度约为每平方公里484人,可以算是世界上人口密度较高的国家之一.荷兰有一个悠久的传统:人们坚信未来不是自然产生的,而是可以经由规划而创造的.     

Synchronous Motors with Cylindrical Rotors for the Petrochemical Industry

An important role is played by the compressor in the petrochemical industry. Typical high-speed compressor drivers are turbines and induction and synchronous motors. The cylindrical-rotor synchronous motor and its application as a high-speed compressor driver is discussed. Important tasks within the production processes of the petrochemical industry include gas liquefaction, compression, refrigeration, and heat recovery. Compressor drive systems constitute important components in plants for such processes. In the past, large high-speed radial and axial compressors were driven mainly by turbines, but in recent years electric motors have been used increasingly. In addition to lower plant costs, the advantages Include high operating efficiency, low pollution, and simpler handling and maintenance. The majority of drives are operating at constant speed, using a four-or six-pole motor with stepup gear. For large ratings, synchronous motors are preferred. For these a number of specific characteristics, such as electrically excited oscillating torques during asynchronous acceleration and special cooling conditions, must be considered. The urge for optimum operating characteristics has led to the development of the synchronous motor with laminated cylindrical rotor, derived from the two-pole turbine-driven generator. The design structure, the steady-state and dynamic operating characteristics, and the starting performance during asynchronous acceleration of such synchronous drive systems are the topics covered here. The theoretical background has been excluded from the normal text and is summarized in the Appendices.     

Computationally intensive econometrics using a distributed matrix-programming language

This paper reviews the need for powerful computing facilities in econometrics, focusing on concrete problems which arise in financial economics and in macroeconomics. We argue that the profession is being held back by the lack of easy-to-use generic software which is able to exploit the availability of cheap clusters of distributed computers. Our response is to extend, in a number of directions, the well-known matrix-programming interpreted language Ox developed by the first author. We note three possible levels of extensions: (i) Ox with parallelization explicit in the Ox code; (ii) Ox with a parallelized run-time library; and (iii) Ox with a parallelized interpreter. This paper studies and implements the first case, emphasizing the need for deterministic computing in science. We give examples in the context of financial economics and time-series modelling.     

废电子电气产品塑料可持续再生过程中的能量回收(上)

故障现象：制冷正常，但制热时烧熔丝。分析与检测：该空调安装好后，试机时只试了制冷状态，制冷工作正常，却未进行制热试机。后来用户想试一下制热，拨到制热挡，熔断器一开机就跳闸，等合上闸后整机就无任何反应了。最初分析也许是巧合，检查主控板上的熔丝已经烧了，随即更换上了一块线路板，试机制冷正常，但在制热状态立刻烧熔断，判断制热存在严重短路现象。即然制冷正常，制热状态只多一个四通阀线圈用电，检查室外机的接线，原来是安装工错将三跟导线中的黄线接到了地上。