Comparison of 80-keV D+ Ion Implantation with Thermal D2 Doping in Silica by FTIR and ESR Spectroscopy

Behavior of deuterium atoms in fused silica, which were implanted by 80-keV D⁺ (D₂⁺, D₃⁺) ions or doped thermally by D₂ (or D₂O), was studied by infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and by ESR spectroscopy. When 80-keV deuteron ions are implanted into fused silica, OD bonds are formed. The OD bonds are also formed by thermal doping with D₂ or D₂O. When the deuterated silica is γ-ray irradiated at 77 K, D atoms are formed by rupture of the OD bonds. The efficiency of the OD bond rupture in the deuteron-implanted silica is much less than that in the D₂-doped silica. It is concluded from the results of thermal annealing that the low efficiency of the OD bond rupture in the deuteron-implanted silica is due to the radiation damage accompanying the implantation process. However, the decay rate and detrapping energy of deuterium atoms, once formed in the silica, are similar in both cases.     

Multi-objective discounted Markov decision processes with expectation and variance criteria

A multi-objective discounted Markov decision process (MDP) with expectation and variance criteria is discussed. First, difficulties in variance minimization are discussed and it is shown that variance minimization is much more difficult than the expectation optimization. Then, the multi-objective MDP with expectation and variance criteria is formulated as a multi-objective non-linear programming problem. An algorithm for finding a stationary satisfactory Pareto policy is proposed by applying the satisficing trade-off method of Nakayama. In the proposed algorithm, a decision-maker need not have a high degree of judgment and it is easy to take the balance of expectation and variance criteria and furthermore, the number of auxiliary optimization problems to be solved is quite small. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.     

基于全景技术的园林游观体验视觉分析方法——以留园为例

运动视知觉是观察者认知建成环境的重要方式。全景视觉技术的发展为多视角、定量地研究园林游观体验的影响因素与作用机制提供了新思路。以生态学知觉为理论基础,借助全景影像技术重新解析园林游观体验的视知觉线索,并提出动态环境视觉信息的测度和分析方法。以苏州留园中的游园路径与景观构成为对象,定量化、可视化解析游观过程中的视觉信息的变化规律与特征,为园林游观体验机制的研究提供参考。     

Observability for bilinear systems

Since the observability for bilinear systems is affected by the input, this paper defines three kinds of observability for bilinear systems ; namely (1) observability with some input, (2) observability with any input, (3) observability with unknown input. The necessary and sufficient condition for the observability with some input and sufficient conditions for the observability with any input and with unknown input for discrete bilinear systems are derived respectively and the effects of the input are clarified     

Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Kudzu Starch and Sweet Potato Starch

Moisture sorption characteristics of kudzu starch and sweet potato starch were investigated based on the results of moisture sorption isotherms at 11°C, 20°C and 30°C, thermal analysis, isosteric heat of sorption and entropy of sorption. The water of crystallization in sweet potato starch was strongly retained compared with that in kudzu starch. Differences in amount of moisture sorbed between kudzu starch and sweet potato starch seemed to be attributable to the stability of the microscopic structure. The interaction of moisture-sweet potato starch was stronger than that of moisture-kudzu starch. Amount of moisture sorbed and strength of moisture-starch binding of the starches, preheated to 110°C, decreased compared with those of the starches vacuum-dried at 20°C because of release of water from the amorphous part of the starch granule.     

Effects of Filtering through Bleaching Media on Decrease of Peroxide Value of Autoxidized Soybean Oil

The effects of filtering through bleaching media on decrease of peroxide value (PV) of autoxidized soybean oil were investigated to improve its quality. Sixteen kinds of filtering and bleaching media were employed. The standard activated clay was the most effective in decreasing the peroxides in autoxidized soybean oil. The relations between the decrease of PV and the physical or the chemical properties of the media were examined. It was found that peroxides are reduced in proportion to the amount of acid at the highest acid strength range + 1.5–5.6 rather than amount of acid at the lower acid strength range, total amount of acid or specific surface area of medium.     

Comparison of Damages on Tungsten Surface Exposed to Noble Gas Plasmas

Tungsten was exposed to pure Ar or Ne plasmas over 1550 K at several incident ion energies. Even under the irradiation condition that the tungsten nanostructure is formed by He plasma irradiation, holes/bubbles and fiberform nanostructures were not formed on the surface by exposure to Ar or Ne plasmas. In addition, the results from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy supported the facts that Ar and Ne did not remain in the sample. We will discuss the reason for the diferences in the damage to the tungsten surface exposed to noble gas plasmas.     

Control of unstable mechanical system Control of pendulum†

This paper relates to the design of a control system for a mechanical system which contains an unstable mode and to an experiment for demonstrating that the control theory may be applied to practical real systems. In this paper the object treated is the control of the pendulum-cart system, which has been studied by many control theorists and engineers as an inverted pendulum problem, and a composite control system is designed not only to stabilize the inverted pendulum but to swing the pendulum from the natural pendent position up to the inverted position, which is actually made. The experimental results are presented.     

Current Superimposition Variable Flux Reluctance Motor

This paper proposes a novel variable flux reluctance motor without dc‐field coils. The stator of this motor has only armature coils. The proposed motor can control the torque‐speed characteristics by increasing or decreasing the field voltage that is superimposed on the armature currents. In this paper, the operational principle of the motor is described, and the N–T characteristics are computed by finite element analysis under vector control. In addition, the N–T characteristics are compared with a conventional variable flux reluctance machine with armature and dc‐field coils.