Tensile properties of long aligned double-walled carbon nanotube strands

The mechanical properties of well-aligned double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) strands with diameters of 3-20 μm and lengths of ∼10 mm were measured using a stress-strain puller. The average tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the tested strands are 1.2 GPa and 16 GPa, respectively. Deformation and fracture processes of these samples are discussed. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of an individual DWNT bundle were estimated, with values comparable to those of SWNT bundles. The superior mechanical strengths of our as-prepared DWNT strands are expected to give them potential as a high-strength material and a reinforcement in composites.     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.     

蒸养温度效应及其对水泥基材料热伤损的影响＊

采用温度传感器测试了水泥基材料在标养和蒸养条件下温度的变化,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析(TGA)及压汞(MIP)等方法,研究了水化产物和微结构的变化。结果表明,蒸养中试件表层首先开始升温,升温结束时表层温度比内部高约30℃;随后内部升温超过表层,恒温3h,内部温度比表层高约25℃。蒸养温度效应对水化产物的生成未产生较显著的影响,但对表层孔结构和微观形貌影响显著。蒸养结束时,试件表层的总孔隙率以及大于200nm的有害孔比例分别是内部的1.22倍和10.3倍;继续标养至28d时有效降低了总孔隙率,但大于200nm的有害孔比例仍为标养试件的1.6倍。     

The formation of graphene–titania hybrid films and their resistance change under ultraviolet irradiation

We report the fabrication of hybrid films of graphene and monolayer titania using a simple electrostatic self-assembly method. Ultraviolet (UV) responses of the hybrid films based on the graphene–titania structure were investigated. We observed that the resistance of the graphene–titania hybrid increased exponentially with UV irradiation time and decreased exponentially when UV was turned off. Time constants of the order of hundreds of seconds were identified and found to be sensitive to the gas environment of graphene. The UV response as well as the time constant is tunable by varying the number of titania layers. Our results confirmed that UV irradiation played a significant role in the resistance modulation of graphene as well as graphene–titania hybrid films.     

基于极限平衡法与极限分析法等效性的地基承载力系数N_γ的上限解

针对地基承载力系数Nγ真实解答尚未获得的现状,提出一种计算Nγ上限解的数值计算方法。在论证极限平衡法与极限分析法等效性的基础上,采用一组三角条块逼近满足机动许可的潜在破坏机构,通过极限平衡法建立条间力的递推公式,依据推力最大原理优化条块底线的倾角,得到最危险破坏机构及对应的地基承载力系数Nγ的上限数值解,进而分析地表倾斜情况下的Nγ及其修正方法;最后,为了便于工程应用,给出Nγ及地表倾斜修正系数ξγ的近似表达式。通过与已有研究成果的比较,验证该方法的合理性。研究表明:该方法计算过程简单易于编程实现,能够得到相对小的上限解。研究成果可用于地基承载力的理论分析,为深入研究地基承载力系数Nγ提供参考。     

硫酸钠对水泥砂浆的物理侵蚀作用

采用150 g/L的硫酸钠溶液半浸泡的试验方法,以砂浆抗蚀系数为指标,研究了相对湿度和温度变化条件下,硫酸钠溶液的不同结晶产物Na2SO4(无水芒硝)与Na2SO4·10H2O(芒硝)对砂浆试件的物理侵蚀作用和不同条件下硫酸钠溶液的物理侵蚀特性及相关机理.结果表明:与环境温度变化条件相比,硫酸钠溶液在相对湿度变化条件下对砂浆试件造成物理侵蚀作用更为严重,这主要是在相对湿度变化条件下,硫酸钠溶液的结晶产物Na2SO4与Na2SO4·10H2O发生相互转化造成的.硫酸钠溶液形成Na2SO4结晶产物时,其对砂浆造成的物理侵蚀破坏作用较形成的Na2SO4·10H2O结晶产物更为显著.     

石灰石粉对水泥-粉煤灰浆体剪切变稀和剪切增稠的影响

采用Rheolab QC型旋转黏度计测试了粉煤灰、石灰石粉掺量(占水泥的质量分数)不同的水泥浆体流变曲线,并采用Herschel-Bulkey(H-B)模型对所测数据进行了拟合处理.结果表明:随剪切速率的增大,所测浆体流变曲线可分为剪切变稀和剪切增稠两个阶段,纯水泥浆体在较大剪切速率下的流变行为仍表现为剪切变稀;粉煤灰和石灰石粉的掺入不仅降低了水泥浆体的临界剪切应力和临界剪切速率,使浆体容易出现剪切增稠,而且降低了浆体各阶段的流变指数,增大了浆体在剪切变稀阶段剪切变稀的程度,降低了浆体在剪切增稠阶段剪切增稠的程度;增大浆体中石灰石粉掺量及其比表面积,则浆体在剪切变稀阶段的流变指数增大,剪切变稀程度降低,且当石灰石粉掺量由0%增大到15%时,浆体在剪切变稀阶段的流变指数显著增大.     

砖混再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能及工程应用研究

采用城市砖混结构拆除建筑垃圾加工制成的再生粗骨料,用不同配合比设计方法制备了砖混再生粗骨料混凝土,研究了砖混再生粗骨料对混凝土工作性、抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值应力、峰值应变以及应力应变关系的影响.结果 表明,相比较天然骨料和废弃混凝土制备的再生骨料,砖混再生骨料空隙率大,吸水率大,压碎指标高.使用附加用水量配合比方法制备的砖混再生粗骨料混凝土在力学性能上低于标准配合比方法制备的砖混再生粗骨料混凝土,但工作性能较好.随着砖混再生粗骨料取代率的增加,再生混凝土的力学性能呈现不同程度的降低.当取代率为100％时,使用标准配合比和附加用水量方法制备的再生混凝土28 d抗压强度分别降低了26.1％和11.9％,弹性模量分别降低了23.9％和22.9％,峰值应力分别降低了13.0％和21.9％,峰值应变分别增大了25.3％和14.9％.工程实践表明,采用砖混再生粗骨料配制的再生混凝土可以满足中低强度等级泵送混凝土的性能要求.     

激光材料加工技术的工业应用

主要介绍激光切割、激光焊接、激光打标、激光打孔和激光表面处理等激光材料加工技术在工业中应用的新进展，并介绍近年发展起来的激光材料加工新技术和新工艺及其在工业中的应用。同时展望激光材料加工技术工业应用的发展趋势。