Optimization methods in inverse problems and applications to science and engineering

Optimization and Engineering -     

Two-step sinter-crystallization of K2O–CaO–P2O5–SiO2 (45S5-K) bioactive glass

Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics (GCs) effectively regenerate bone tissue, however most GCs show improved mechanical properties. In this work, we developed and tested a rarely studied bioactive glass composition (24.4K₂O-26.9CaO-46.1SiO₂-2.6P₂O₅ mol%, identified as 45S5-K) with different particle sizes and heating rates to obtain a sintered GC that combines good fracture strength, low elastic modulus, and bioactivity. We analyzed the influence of the sintering processing conditions in the elastic modulus, Vickers microhardness, density, and crystal phase formation in the GC. The best GC shows improved properties compared with its parent glass. This glass achieves a good densification degree with a two-step viscous flow sintering approach and the resulting GC shows as high bioactivity as that of the standard 45S5 Bioglass®. Furthermore, the GC elastic modulus (56 GPa) is relatively low, minimizing stress shielding. Therefore, we unveiled the glass sintering behavior with concurrent crystallization of this complex bioactive glass composition and developed a potential GC for bone regeneration.     

Maskless Preparation of Spatially-Resolved Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Polydimethylsiloxane via In Situ Fluoride-Assisted Synthesis

Here, a fluoride-assisted route for the controlled in-situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) (i.e., AgNPs, AuNPs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is reported. The size and coverage of the NPs on the PDMS surface are modulated with time and over space during the synthetic process, leveraging the improved yield (10×) and faster kinetics (100×) of NP formation in the presence of F⁻ ions, compared to fluoride-free approaches. This enables the maskless preparation of both linear and step gradients and patterns of NPs in 1D and 2D on the PDMS surface. As an application in flexible plasmonics/photonics, continuous and step-wise spatial modulations of the plasmonic features of PDMS slabs with 1D and 2D AgNP gradients on the surface are demonstrated. An excellent spatially resolved tuning of key optical parameters, namely, optical density from zero to 5 and extinction ratio up to 100 dB, is achieved with AgNP gradients prepared in AgF solution for 12 minutes; the performance are comparable to those of commercial dielectric/interference filters. When used as a rejection filter in optical fluorescence microscopy, the AgNP-PDMS slabs are able to reject the excitation laser at 405 nm and retain the green fluorescence of microbeads (100 µm) used as test cases.     

供水管网DMA优化分区设计方案

实施独立计量分区(district metered area,DMA)是辅助供水管网管理和漏损识别的重要手段.图划分算法是进行DMA分区的方法之一,常规图划分算法应用中,存在解空间受限、分区后原水流状态易发生较大改变、形成较多串联分区(对流量计算不利)的缺点.在常规图划分算法基础上进行了改进:粗化阶段按照特定规则匹配、合并非输水干管两端的节点,形成简化的管网拓扑结构;分区阶段得到管网初步分区方案;细化阶段提出基于贪心算法、枚举算法、蒙特卡洛算法的分区调整方法,结合改进的仪表安置方法、水力模拟、优劣解距离法(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution,TOPSIS),对分区方案进行调整.将该方法应用于YX市供水管网,成功进行了分区.     

基于高频损耗比的干式空心电抗器制造缺陷检测方法及应用探讨

本文通过分析电抗器因制造工艺导致少匝和极限工艺偏差时600Hz损耗,提出高频损耗可作为电抗器制造缺陷的检测手段及其适用范围,并以600Hz的实测损耗与理论损耗之比是否超过1.5作为判据,以同组任两台损耗之比是否超过1.5作为辅助判据,同时列举应用实例.     

安家岭露天矿过采空区危险源辨识及安全措施研究

危险源辨识对提高煤矿安全生产具有重要的现实意义。研究建立了基于层次分析法的安家岭露天矿危险源辨识模型,确定了危险源指标的权重。依据危险源辨识的权重研究了安家岭露天矿过采空区安全开采存在的主要危险源,并把采空区分为高温明火采空区、积水采空区、存在有毒气体的采空区、未冒实采空区,针对不同的类别的采空区提出了相应的安全开采措施。     

Application of the novel Droplet digital PCR technology for identification of meat species

The authenticity and traceability of meat products are issues of primary importance to ensure food safety. Unfortunately, food adulteration (e.g. the addition of inexpensive cuts to minced meat products) and mislabelling (e.g. the inclusion of meat from species other than those declared) happens frequently worldwide. The aim of this study was to apply a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification (copies μL⁻¹) of the beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and turkey in meat products. The analysis conducted on commercial meat showed the presence of traces of DNA from other animal species than those declared. We show that the method is highly sensitive, specific and accurate (accuracy = 100%). This method could be adopted by competent food safety authorities to verify compliance with the labelling of meat products and to ensure quality and safety throughout the meat supply chain, from primary production to consumption.     

马钢张庄矿高压辊磨机装配工艺研究

针对马钢张庄矿高压辊磨机辊套疲劳断裂严重、对辊精度不能满足生产要求等问题，马钢重机公司根据张庄矿实际生产要求对对辊进行国产化，国产化内容包括辊轴、辊套等零部件的新制以及装配工艺攻关，通过技术研发同时结合实际生产经验，成功对高压辊磨机辊套与辊轴以及辊轴与轴承进行装配，完成了张庄矿高压辊磨机整对对辊的国产化，为该型设备后续生产及优化提供了理论和实践参考依据。