Large simple liver cyst treated laparoscopically

Simple liver cysts of various sizes are present in 1% of the population. Most are found incidentally and require no treatment. However, in a few the cyst is symptomatic and requires surgery: celiotomy and unroofing of the cyst. A 64-year-old woman with a symptomatic, simple cyst of the liver underwent laparoscopic surgery. After an uneventful course she was discharged on the 3rd postoperative day. Simple liver cysts can be safely treated by laparoscopic surgery.     

Cleaning up wastewater from lubricant A-1 in the manufacture of triacetate yarn

Conclusions Results of this research have shown the efficiency and economic advisability of using the method of reagent treatment of wastewater from the washing division of plants manufacturing triacetate yarns, with the objective of cleaning them up from A-1 lubricant.The economic benefit on introduction of the developed method for cleaning up wastewater from A-1 lubricant will be 351,000 rubles per year at the Kaunas plant and 102,000 rubles per year at the Engels plant.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 53–55, May–June, 1986.     

Limitations of fixed pitch Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines and the challenge of variable pitch

Small Darrieus hydrokinetic turbines with fixed pitch blades typically suffer from poor starting torque, low efficiency and shaking due to large fluctuations in both radial and tangential force with azimuth angle. Efficiency improves as size increases, since adequate blade chord Reynolds numbers can be maintained with low solidity. Shaking can be eliminated by using helical blades, or reduced by using multiple blades. Starting torque can be marginally improved by the use of cambered blade profiles but may still be inadequate to overcome drive train friction for self-starting. Variable pitch can generate high starting torque, high efficiency and reduced shaking but active pitch control systems add considerably to complexity and cost, while passive systems must have effective pitch control to achieve higher efficiency than fixed pitch systems.     

Atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy evaluation of adhesion and nanostructure of thin Cr films

Chromium (Cr) thin films were deposited on float glass using electron beam (e-beam) physical vapor deposition and radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering techniques. Surface morphology of these Cr films was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The e-beam deposited Cr films consisted of isolated surface mounds while in RF sputtered samples, these mounds combined to form larger islands. Lower surface adhesive properties were observed for e-beam deposited films, as determined from AFM force-distance curves, presumably due to the nanostructural differences. Similar amounts of adsorbed atmospheric carbonaceous contaminants and water vapor were detected on samples deposited using both methods with e-beam deposited samples having additional carbide species, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. The dominant crystallographic plane in both e-beam deposited and RF sputtered Cr thin films was (110) of body-centered cubic Cr metal structure as determined from X-ray diffraction data. Weak (211) reflection was also observed in RF sputtered samples and was attributed to a different thin Cr film condensation and growth mechanism which resulted in nanostructural differences between films deposited using two different methods.     

UV-NIL replication of microlens arrays on flexible fluoropolymer substrates

Microsystem Technologies - This paper describes application of UV-NIL technique for the fabrication of hexagonal OrmoComp microlens arrays on flexible fluoropolymer substrates having exceptional...