因素空间理论下基点分类算法研究

目前，基于因素空间理论的背景基提取算法计算过程复杂，初始化必须依赖各因素极值，基点数量提取冗余等原因，未能在应用中取得很好效果。为此，结合内点判别法和知识可继承、可扩展的思想，提出一种计算简单、初始化独立、基点数量小的改进的背景基提取算法。然后，利用改进的背景基提取算法构造出一种全新的数据分类算法-基点分类算法，基点分类算法以提取每一类样本的背景基为预测模型，再通过新定义的λ-背景基，优化预测模型。数值实验表明:基点分类算法原理简单、构造难度小、分类模型泛化能力强，预测能力准确率高，同时严格的模型限定区域又能为识别新类别提供新方法。     

Analysis of thin walled structures using the boundary element method

In this article the direct boundary element formulations of stretching and bending plate problems are combined together to solve thin walled structures and other similar frames. The final system is obtained by assuming each individual plane structural element as a subregion. After the necessary transforms of these equations they can be combined together taking into account the displacement compatibility and equilibrium conditions.     

Solid-state13C NMR investigations of insoluble deposits in aromatic bitters

Insoluble deposit formed in aromatic bitters produced from alcoholic extracts of about 30 different botanical materials with a dry matter content of 1.67% and 38 vol% alcohol and a characteristic astringent flavour was shown by¹³C NMR spectroscopy to be a coprecipitate of plant polyphenols, proteins and carbohydrates. The polyphenols in the deposit were flavonoids such as anthocyanidins and anthocyanins, with glucose as the principal carbohydrate and derivatives of cinnamic acid. The deposit formation in the aromatic bitters was accelerated by addition of the radical initiator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride or by addition of hydrogen peroxide in combination with iron(III) nitrate and ascorbic acid as a Fenton reagent. Polymerization of catechin and pelargonidin was shown, in model experiments, to be oxidative and to be accelerated by exposure to light. A mechanism involving oxidative polymerization of polyphenols followed by coprecipitation of polymerized polyphenols, proteins and carbohydrates is proposed for formation of deposits in alcoholic beverages of the bitters type.     

A basis for the design of a multiattribute heuristic for single resource project scheduling

Two important characteristics of a project network are the network's topology and the amount of resources available. Most published project scheduling procedures take one or both of these two characteristics into account. Project scheduling procedures that are robust over variations of network characteristics are desirable. The degree of robustness is generally gauged by one or more measures of performance.

The objective of this paper is to compare a set of priority rules that are useful for a single resource project scheduling problem. The set of networks suggested by Patterson (1973) is used along with the set of performance measures proposed by Khattab and Choobineh 1991. The result of this comparison allows one to design a multiattribute heuristic for a single resource project scheduling problem.     

Notch sensitivity of thermoset and thermoplastic laminates loaded in tension

Inplane tensile fracture of unnotched and notched thermoset graphite-epoxy and thermoplastic graphite-PEEK composite laminates is examined. Both fibre-dominated quasi-isotropic and matrix dominated ±45 angle-ply layups were investigated.Classical lamination theory predictions of elastic and strength properties of unnotched specimens are compared with experiments. Several notched geometries, i.e. centre-notched, double-edge notched and open-hole specimens subjected to tensile loading to fracture were examined. The notched strength of the quasi-isotropic laminates was analysed by a damage zone model, where damage around the notch is represented by an equivalent crack with cohesive force acting between the crack surfaces.Good agreement between experimental and calculated strength was observed for the graphite-epoxy laminates which failed in a collinear manner. For the graphite-PEEK laminates discrepancies between predicted and experimental strength are related to observed deviations from collinear crack growth. The angle-ply graphite-PEEK laminates showed larger notch sensitivity than the corresponding graphite-epoxy, probably due to less degree of stress relieving damage formation around the notch.     

Storage life of frozen salmonoids Effect of light and packaging conditions on carotenoid oxidation and lipid oxidation

Summary The combined effect of oxygen transmission of packaging material and of exposure to light with different spectral distribution on the oxidative degradation of carotenoids and lipids in frozen salmonoids has been characterized in a storage experiment with steaks of rainbow trout. The degradation of the carotenoid astaxanthin, as followed by HPLC analysis and tristimulus colorimetric measurement, was sensitive to the radiant flux density of UV light and less sensitive to the oxygen transmission rate of the packaging material, in agreement with previous findings for photooxidation of carotenoids in food model systems. This is in contrast to the lipid oxidation, which was found to be dependent on the accessability of oxygen rather than on exposure to UV light. Formation of peroxides in the product culminated after 3 months of storage (up to 8.4 mEq kg^–1 oil), and preceded the formation of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances. The product in packaging material with a high oxygen transmission rate (60 cm³ m^–2 bar^–1 per 24 h) reached a level of approximately 5 mol malonaldhyde/kg^–1 product, when stored exposed to standard fluorescent light or fluorescent light with a high UV component. Rancid taste was not detected by sensory evaluation for any of the products after 6 months of storage, whereas a bitter taste was noted for the product exposed to UV light.

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Die Haltbarkeit von Lachsforellen Einfluß von Licht und Verpackung auf die Carotenoid- und Fettoxydation

Zusammenfassung Der kombinierte Effekt von Sauerstoffdurchgang durch Verpackungsmaterial und der Lichteinwirkung verschiedener spektraler Verteilung auf den oxidativen Abbau der Carotinoide und Fette in gefrorenen Lachsforellen wurde in einem Lagerungsversuch untersucht. Der Abbau des Carotenoids Astaxanthin wurde mit HPLC undTristimulus-Calorimetrie beobachtet, und war empfindlich gegenüber UV-Licht und weniger empfindlich gegenüber der Sauerstoffdurchlässigkeit der Verpackung, was mit früheren Ergebnissen für Photooxidation der Carotinoide in Modellsystemen übereinstimmt. Dies widerspricht der Fettoxidation, die mehr von Sauerstoffzugang abhängig ist als von der Entwicklung des UV-Lichtes. Die Bildung von Peroxiden des Produktes kuliminierte nach 3monatiger Lagerung (bis 8,4 meq/kg Öl) und ging der Bildung von Thiobarbitursäure-aktiven Substanzen voraus. Das Produkt im Material mit hohem Sauerstoffdurchgang (60 cm³ m^–2 bar^–1 pro 24 h), das bei normalen fluorescierendem Licht oder bei fluorescierendem Licht mit hohem UV-Anteil aufbewahrt wurde, erreichte einen TBS-Wert von ungefähr 5 mol Malonaldehyd/kg Fleisch. Ein ranziger Geschmack wurde durch sensorische Bewertung nach 6monatiger Lagerung nicht erkannt, wohl aber ein bitterer Geschmack bei dem UV-Licht ausgesetzten Proben.

     

间作下根际微生物控制土传病害的研究进展

为了解根际微生物在间作模式下有效控制土传病害的作用和机理,综述了间作系统对于根际微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响,介绍了间作作物组合、作物品种选择和间作方式对根际微生物群落的影响,并从养分和宿主感染位点竞争、生防微生物的拮抗作用、植物化感自毒作用的缓解以及植物诱导系统抗性四个方面总结了与根际微生物相关的间作抗病机理。最后,讨论了现阶段间作抗病研究的局限性并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于多任务学习和知识图谱的面部表情识别

针对面部表情分类的模型中参数较复杂、识别准确率较低的问题,提出了一种基于知识图谱辅助识别的多任务学习算法模型（MLAM）,该模型由基于深度学习的识别模块与知识图谱嵌入模块两部分构成。首先从输入的数据中提取潜在的人脸局部表情特征,通过知识图谱实现局部表情和个体的复杂交互;然后在MLAM 模型中设计一个交叉压缩单元,关联这两个独立模块,自动学习局部表情和实体特征的高级交互,并在这两个任务之间传递交叉知识转移;最后,在FER2013和CK+的数据集上对比了同类算法,实验结果表明,该模型在上述数据集上分别得到了0.69和0.99的识别率,提高了面部表情识别准确率。     

正交偏最小二乘判别法对青蒿素拉曼光谱的研究

为了鉴别不同纯度的青蒿素样品,本文运用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析方法（OPLS-DA）研究了不同纯度青蒿素样品的拉曼光谱。研究表明,对青蒿素拉曼光谱进行OPLS-DA建模分析可以鉴别不同纯度的样品,从而用于青蒿素样品的质量评估。另外,青蒿素拉曼光谱OPLS-DA建模分析表明,青蒿素拉曼光谱中与生物活性官能团相关的724 cm^-1处的特征振动模式与青蒿素的纯度紧密相关:在不同纯度青蒿素样品中,该特征振动模式与其他振动模式的相对强度比具有统计学差异（单向方差分析,F=7.39,P<0.01）。     

Lanthanum-Magnesium and Lanthanum-Manganese Donor-Acceptor-Codoped Semiconducting Barium Titanate

BaTiO₃ powder doped with La donor and codoped with Mn or Mg acceptor was sintered at 1350°C/1 h in air. For Ladoped BaTiO₃, the room-temperature resistivity decreased to a minimum at [La³⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. For La-Mn-codoped BaTiO₃, the minimum resistivity occurred at [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] ∼ 0.15 mol%. When the ceramic was changed to a fine-grained insulator by high donor doping ([La³⁺] >0.15 mol%), its semiconductivity was restored, and the relatively homogeneous, coarse-grained microstructure recurred by codoping with either Mg or Mn acceptor, with the transition at [La³⁺] - 2[Mg²⁺] = 0.15 mol% or [La³⁺] - 2[Mn²⁺] = 0.15 mol%. The analogy of a compensation effect between La-Mn- and La-Mg-codoped BaTiO₃ suggested that Mn acceptor added to BaTiO₃ exists as Mn²⁺ ion in the bulk grain region; its influence on the positive temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior is then discussed.