Temperature Dependence of Ultra-Low-Frequency Dielectric Relaxation of Barium Titanate Ceramic

Based on a linear voltage ramp method, ultraslow dielectric relaxation of undoped BaTiO₃ ceramic has been carefully measured over the temperature range between − 180° and +120°C. Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant in the frequency range from 10 ⁻⁵ to 10⁻¹ Hz can be obtained using Kramers–Kronig equations. Close to the Curie temperature, the dielectric constant increases so rapidly that the Curie peak is overwhelmed. Two kinds of relaxation processes were observed in this experiment. Ferroelectric domain and mobile charge are proposed to be responsible for the relaxation over the temperature range. With temperature increasing, Maxwell–Wagner relaxation associated with mobile charge gradually dominates. From relaxation time constants at various temperatures, relaxation activation energies about 0.06 and 0.09 eV are identified.     

Fusion ANFIS models based on multi-stock volatility causality for TAIEX forecasting

Stock market investors value accurate forecasting of future stock price from trading systems because of the potential for large profits. Thus, investors use different forecasting models, such as the time-series model, to assemble a superior investment portfolio. Unfortunately, there are three major drawbacks to the time-series model: (1) most statistical methods rely on some assumptions about the variables; (2) most conventional time-series models use only one variable in forecasting; and (3) the rules mined from artificial neural networks are not easily understandable. To address these shortcomings, this study proposes a new model based on multi-stock volatility causality, a fusion adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) procedure, for forecasting stock price problems in Taiwan. Furthermore, to illustrate the proposed model, three practical, collected stock index datasets from the USA and Taiwan stock markets are used in the empirical experiment. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the listing methods in terms of root mean squared error, and further evaluation reveals that the profits comparison results for the proposed model produce higher profits than the listing models.     

Volatility model based on multi-stock index for TAIEX forecasting

Conventional time series models have been applied to handle many forecasting problems, such as financial, economic and weather forecasting. In stock markets, correct stock predictions will bring a huge profit for stock investors. However, conventional time series models produce forecasts based on some strict statistical assumptions about data distributions, and, therefore, they are not very proper to forecast financial datasets. This paper proposes a new forecasting model using adaptive learning techniques to predict TAIEX (Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock index) with multi-stock indexes (NASDAQ stock index and Dow Jones stock index). In verification, this paper employs seven year period of TAIEX stock index, from 1997 to 2003, as experimental datasets, and the root mean square error (RMSE) as evaluation criterion. The performance comparison results show that the proposed model outperforms the listing methods in forecasting Taiwan stock market. Besides, from statistical test results, it is showed that the volatility of Dow Jones and the NASDAQ affect TAIEX significantly.     

Sediment records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the continental shelf of China: implications for evolving anthropogenic impacts

Sources, compositions, and historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores collected from the Yellow Sea and the South China Sea were analyzed to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities. The occurrence of PAHs was mainly derived from various combustion sources, especially the combustion of biomass and domestic coal. Uniform composition of sedimentary PAHs (52-62% of phenanthrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene) suggested air-borne mixtures intractable to degradation. The concentrations of the sum of 15 PAHs (16 priority pollutants designed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency minus naphthalene; designed as Σ(15)PAH) in Yellow Sea sediment cores were generally higher than those in the South China Sea. The profiles of Σ(15)PAH concentrations recorded in the sediment cores closely followed historical socioeconomic development in China. In general, Σ(15)PAH concentrations started to increase from the background pollution level posed by agricultural economy at the turn of 20th century. In addition, a Σ(15)PAH concentration reduction was observed during the Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) and Great Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), suggesting them as setbacks for economic development in Chinese history. Increasing PAH emissions as a result of increasing coal combustion associated with the rapid urbanization and industrialization since the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy (since 1978) accounted for the fast growth of Σ(15)PAH concentrations in sediment cores. The decline of Σ(15)PAH concentrations from subsurface maximum until sampling time was inconsistent with current-day economic development in China, and may possibly suggest emission reductions due to decreasing proportional use of domestic coal and increasing consumption of cleaner energies (natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas).     

AN ADAPTIVE EXPECTATION GENETIC ALGORITHM BASED ON ANFIS AND MULTINATIONAL STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY CAUSALITY FOR TAIEX FORECASTING

The stock market is a highly complex and dynamic system, and forecasting stock is complicated and difficult. Successful prediction of stock prices may promise attractive benefits; therefore, stock market forecasting is important and of great interest. The economy of Taiwan relies on international trade deeply and the fluctuations of international stock markets impact Taiwan's stock market to certain degree. It is practical to use the fluctuations of other stock markets as forecasting factors for forecasting on the Taiwan stock market. Further, stock market investors usually make short-term decisions based on recent price fluctuations, but most time series models use only the last period of stock price in forecasting. In this article, the proposed model uses the fluctuations of other national stock markets as forecasting factors and employs an expectation equation method whose parameters are optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) joined with an adaptive network–based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model to forecast the Taiwan stock index. To evaluate the forecasting performance, the proposed model is compared with Chen's model and Yu's model. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is superior to the listing methods (Chen's model and Yu's model) in terms of root mean squared error (RMSE).     

银掺杂对Bi2O3-ZnO-Nb2O5系陶瓷介电及熔融物性的影响

在BZN系陶瓷中,立方焦石结构的α相与低对称结构的β相是二个重要的基本物相,α相是溶为1190℃的同成分溶融合物,对应负温度系数为β相是转溶温度为1100℃的异成分溶融合化合物,对应正温度系数,α相与β相按一定比例组成（α＋β）复相资料,得到CH组零温度系数,分别在α相、β相以及CH组得相资料中进行掺杂,通过资料介电性能的研究,首次明确了银掺杂对α相、β相以及CH组复相资料介电性能的不同影响和影响程度,进一步研究银掺杂β相资料的熔融物性,结果表明银掺杂对资料溶融物性的影响是影响其介电性能的原因。     

Ba2ZnZCo2-ZFe12O22-SiO_2微晶玻璃陶瓷的sol-gel合成及性能研究

采用柠檬酸sol-gel工艺合成了Ba₂Zn_ZCo_2-zFe₁₂O₂₂-SiO₂微晶玻璃陶瓷;采用XRD、SEM对其相成分、显微结构进行了分析,结果表明,1200°C/5h得到的Ba₂Zn_ZCo_2-zFe₁₂O₂₂-SiO₂微晶玻璃陶瓷的平均晶粒尺寸在0.3μm左右;采用HP8753E网络分析仪测定了微晶玻璃陶瓷在100MHz～6GHz范围内的介电常数及其磁导率,其复介电常数值、磁导率实部都随测试频率的增加而减小,其磁导率虚部～f曲线上显示出明显的自然共振峰。     

Ti:Fe:LiNbO_3晶体的生长及其光折变性能的研究

采用熔体提拉法生长了不同掺杂浓度的Ti：Fe：LiNbO3晶体．研究了掺杂杂质离子浓度变化对晶体光折变性能的影响，测定了晶体经热化学还原处理前后的透射谱．用ESR方法证实，未经还原处理时，Ti：Fe：LiNbO3晶体中Ti离子以Ti4 形式存在．与Fe：LiNbO3和Ti：LiNbOa相比，Ti、Fe复合掺杂，通过电荷补偿效应，使未经还原处理的晶体中Fe2 增加，从而使光吸收增强；可以通过改变Ti、Fe掺杂浓度的方法来控制晶体中Fe2 离子的浓度，达到控制并改善晶体光折变性能的目的．本文还对Ti：Fe：LiNbO3晶体的全息性能进行了研究，测得Ti：Fe：LiNbO3晶体响应时间缩短，衍射效率高达90％以上．Ti：Fe：LiNbO3晶体是一种优质的光折变材料．     

低温烧结Ph(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3)O_3基复相陶瓷中的两相共存与介电性能

分别采用氟化物和硼硅玻璃为助烧剂制备了低温烧结PZN基复相陶瓷，并借助介电温度特性研究了复相陶瓷中的两相共存与助烧剂的关系．结果表明，添加剂引入的晶格缺陷对复相陶瓷中的两相共存有显著影响,LiF助烧剂因引起晶格氧空位促进两相固溶化，而MgF2和硼硅玻璃助烧的PZN复相陶瓷可保持两相共存．以硼硅玻璃为助烧剂获得了低温烧结、具有X7R温度稳定特性的PZN基复相陶瓷．     

Electrical Nonuniformity of Grain Boundaries within ZnO Varistors

ZnO varistors with and without ZnO crystalline seeds have been prepared through conventional ceramic processing. Their electrical nonuniformity has been carefully examined using microcontact measurements of single grain boundaries, current-voltage ( I-V ) characteristics, and dielectric temperature spectra of bulk samples. Three types of grain boundaries with barrier heights of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.6 eV are identified in a ZnO varistor with the seeds, while only one with 0.4 eV barrier height has been found in a varistor without the seeds. Using a computerized electric circuit simulation, the influence of boundary thickness and grain size on I-V characteristics of varistor is investigated extensively. The simulated results show that currents passing across various grain boundaries are quite different. For a model varistor (1 × 1 × 1 mm³) with different grain size, a good agreement between measured data and simulated curves can be achieved.