Summary: Compacted fiber composites offer unique properties due to their lack of an extraneous matrix. The conditions of processing ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were simulated in a heated pressure cell. In situ X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to follow the relevant transitions and the changes in the degree of crystallinity during melting and crystallization. The results strongly support the suggestion that the hexagonal crystal phase, in which the chain conformation is extremely mobile on the segmental level, constitutes the physical basis of compaction technologies for processing UHMWPE fibers into a single‐polymer composite. This report suggests that using a pseudo‐phase diagram outlining the occurrence of different phases during slow heating and the degree of crystallinity can provide valuable insight into the technological parameters relevant for optimal processing conditions.
Degree of crystallinity as a function of pressure and temperature in a region relevant to compaction processes. 相似文献
The two erythropoietin (EPO) receptor forms mediate different cellular responses to erythropoietin. While hematopoiesis is mediated via the homodimeric EPO receptor (EPOR), tissue protection is conferred via a heteromer composed of EPOR and CD131. In the skeletal system, EPO stimulates osteoclast precursors and induces bone loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we evaluated the role of the heteromeric complex in bone metabolism in vivo and in vitro by using Cibinetide (CIB), a non-erythropoietic EPO analogue that exclusively binds the heteromeric receptor. CIB is administered either alone or in combination with EPO. One month of CIB treatment significantly increased the cortical (~5.8%) and trabecular (~5.2%) bone mineral density in C57BL/6J WT female mice. Similarly, administration of CIB for five consecutive days to female mice that concurrently received EPO on days one and four, reduced the number of osteoclast progenitors, defined by flow cytometry as Lin−CD11b−Ly6Chi CD115+, by 42.8% compared to treatment with EPO alone. In addition, CIB alone or in combination with EPO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Our findings introduce CIB either as a stand-alone treatment, or in combination with EPO, as an appealing candidate for the treatment of the bone loss that accompanies EPO treatment. 相似文献
A model problem is described that requires the study of a system of the form v(t) = FP(v(t), t) which depends on a set of parameters P, and where 1. The problem comes from an industrial application where it is a kernel of an optimization procedure. The optimization depends on computing the limit cycle, and the problem needs to be solved repeatedly. Short computation time is therefore essential. The naive approach is to integrate the equation forward in time, starting from an arbitrary initial condition, until the transients disappear and the limit cycle is approximated within a given tolerance. This approach is too slow and thus impractical in the context of the optimization procedure. The problem involves two types of asymptotic considerations: long-time asymptotics and small-parameter asymptotics. Here a simple approach is demonstrated, based on implementing the averaging method. This reduces the solution time to the point that the optimization procedure becomes feasible. 相似文献
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that subjects who clear chylomicron remnants slowly from plasma may be at higher risk of coronary artery disease than indicated by their fasting plasma lipid concentrations. DESIGN: Case control study over three years. SETTING: An 800 bed general municipal hospital. SUBJECTS: 85 normolipidaemic patients with coronary artery disease selected prospectively and matched with 85 normolipidaemic subjects with normal coronary arteries on angiography. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects were given a vitamin A fat loading test which specifically labels intestinal lipoproteins with retinyl palmitate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism. RESULTS: The area below the chylomicron remnant retinyl palmitate curve was significantly increased in the coronary artery disease group as compared with the controls (mean 23.4 (SD 15.0) v 15.3 (8.9) mumol/l.h; 95% confidence interval of difference 4.37 to 11.82). CONCLUSION: Normolipidaemic patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher concentrations of chylomicron remnants in plasma than normolipidaemic subjects with normal coronary vessels. This may explain the mechanism underlying the susceptibility to atherosclerosis of coronary artery disease patients with normal fasting lipid values. As diet and drugs can ameliorate the accumulation of postprandial lipoproteins in plasma, the concentration of chylomicron remnants should be measured in patients at high risk of coronary artery disease. 相似文献
Catheters are routinely inserted via vessels to cavities of the heart during fluoroscopic image guided interventions for electrophysiology (EP) procedures such as ablation. During such interventions, the catheter undergoes nonrigid deformation due to physician interaction, patient's breathing, and cardiac motions. EP clinical applications can benefit from fast and accurate automatic catheter tracking in the fluoroscopic images. The typical low quality in fluoroscopic images and the presence of other medical instruments in the scene make the automatic detection and tracking of catheters in clinical environments very challenging. Toward the development of such an application, a robust and efficient method for detecting and tracking the catheter sheath is developed. The proposed approach exploits the clinical setup knowledge to constrain the search space while boosting both tracking speed and accuracy, and is based on a computationally efficient framework to trace the sheath and simultaneously detect one or multiple catheter tips. The algorithm is based on a modification of the fast marching weighted distance computation that efficiently calculates, on the fly, important geodesic properties in relevant regions of the image. This is followed by a cascade classifier for detecting the catheter tips. The proposed technique is validated on 1107 fluoroscopic images acquired on multiple patients across four different clinics, achieving multiple catheter tracking at a rate of 10 images/s with a very low false positive rate of 1.06. 相似文献
This paper studies the problem of interference-free broadcast in wireless ad hoc networks. In particular, we are interested in asymmetric power assignments so that the induced broadcast communication graph is both, energy efficient and has a short collision-free broadcast schedule. We consider both random and deterministic node layouts and develop four different broadcast schemes with provable performance guarantees on three optimization objectives simultaneously: total energy consumption, network lifetime and collision-free schedule length. We also show extensive numerical results which support our findings. 相似文献
The importance and benefits of using multiple-load carriers in advanced manufacturing systems has been well documented in recent studies. This study assumes a manufacturing system arranged around a single loop serviced by a single multiple-load carrier. The study presents a {0-1} integer programming model for optimal schedule design, if complete knowledge is available, using a finite planning horizon. In order to solve larger dynamic problems where jobs keep on arriving, two heuristic algorithms are developed, each using a different look-ahead period. The ability of these algorithms is analyzed and compared to the simple First-Encountered-First-Served (FEFS) rule using 31 randomly generated problems. Finally, the impact of increasing carrier capacity is studied. 相似文献
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability, is caused by a developmentally regulated silencing of the FMR1 gene, but its effect on human neuronal network development and function is not fully understood. Here, we isolated isogenic human embryonic stem cell (hESC) subclones—one with a full FX mutation and one that is free of the mutation (control) but shares the same genetic background—differentiated them into induced neurons (iNs) by forced expression of NEUROG-1, and compared the functional properties of the derived neuronal networks. High-throughput image analysis demonstrates that FX-iNs have significantly smaller cell bodies and reduced arborizations than the control. Both FX- and control-neurons can discharge repetitive action potentials, and FX neuronal networks are also able to generate spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents with slight differences from the control, demonstrating that iNs generate more mature neuronal networks than the previously used protocols. MEA analysis demonstrated that FX networks are hyperexcitable with significantly higher spontaneous burst-firing activity compared to the control. Most importantly, cross-correlation analysis enabled quantification of network connectivity to demonstrate that the FX neuronal networks are significantly less synchronous than the control, which can explain the origin of the development of intellectual dysfunction associated with FXS. 相似文献
The palladium‐catalysed α‐chloro ketone methoxycarbonylation and allylic alkylation reactions can be efficiently combined to provide a new catalytic domino reaction. The first, carbonylative, step generates the β‐keto ester, which acts as the nucleophile in a subsequent allylation step. The use of allyl phenates in combination with Xantphos ligand are the key features allowing one to obtain the allylated β‐keto esters in good yields 相似文献
The alkoxycarbonylation of α‐chloro ketones with carbon monoxide in alcoholic solvents could be optimized to generate β‐keto esters in high yields using much lower catalyst loadings than previously reported in the literature. Among the different screened parameters, the nature of the ligand proved to be the most crucial one, the Xantphos ligand affording the highest yields. The scope of the reaction could then be extended to a wide variety of chloro ketones with different types of alcohols. 相似文献