Development of alternative technical systems

This paper considers the integration of alternative technical systems (TS) belonging to a wider class of competing TS, into a supersystem. The paper introduces the notion of alternative TS, shows the peculiarities of their incorporation into a supersystem, reveals the mechanisms used for such incorporation, and shows areas of application for the suggested method.     

Effect of pulse duration and size of interelectrode interval on electric-spark spraying. I. Effect of pulse duration and size of interelectrode interval on rate of electric-spark transfer

The influence exerted by electric-spark spraying on the kinetics of mass transfer and the physicomechanical properties of coatings is investigated. It is shown that electric-spark spraying is determined by the dynamic properties of the cathode jets, which depend on the electrical parameters of the spark discharge, the size of the interelectrode interval, and the physical properties of the coatings, which vary during spraying.     

Microstructure of aragonite grown at an air–liquid interface

Aragonite particles dispersed in a bioresorbable polymer matrix are considered to be a good candidate for bone prosthesis materials. It is important to characterize the microstructure of synthetic aragonite used for biomedical applications, since the microstructure may influence its integration, resorption and replacement by bone. We studied late stages of aragonite growth, at an air–liquid interface, from a solution not doped with additives. Comparison was made between the types of synthetic aragonite microstructure and that of aragonite which is found in nature (mollusc shells, gallstones, Earth's crust). The microstructure of natural aragonite is unique to certain classes of living organisms and the understanding of its structure/function relationships may help to select the types of synthetic aragonite for specific biomedical applications. Three types of synthetic aragonite were observed based on grain size and grain morphology. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Obtaining high-alumina cement at the semiluksk refractories factory

Conclusions We demonstrate that it is, in principle, possible to obtain refractory high-alumina cement on industrial equipment at the Semiluksk refractories factory. Technological parameters were developed for preparing raw mixtures, pressing the green articles and firing in a tunnel kiln. It was established that the mass percentage of SiO₂ in the raw mixture should not exceed 1.5%. For industrial production of high-alumina cement in department No. 1 it is necessary to implement measures on the mechanization of the production process.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 26–28, May, 1986.     

Hydrothermal synthesis of mixed phosphates of neodymium and alkaline metals (Me2O·Nd2O3·4P2O5)

The phase formation in the system Me₂O-Nd₂O₃-P₂O₅-H₂O (where Me = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) has been studied under hydrothermal conditions in the temperature and pressure range 300 to 700 C and 0.5 to 600 atm, respectively, using vitreous carbon glass liners. A composition diagram showing the possible fields of crystallization of different phases under equilibrium conditions is given. AB-diagrams of fields of crystallization of different phases in the system investigated are given. These diagrams are in correspondence with the theoretical composition diagram. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods employed in the growth of MeNd-phosphates are discussed. The crystals obtained were characterized by various methods.     

Direct nn-Scattering Measurement With the Pulsed Reactor YAGUAR

Although crucial for resolving the issue of charge symmetry in the nuclear force, direct measurement of nn-scattering by colliding free neutrons has never been performed. At present the Russian pulsed reactor YAGUAR is the best neutron source for performing such a measurement. It has a through channel where the neutron moderator is installed. The neutrons are counted by a neutron detector located 12 m from the reactor. In preliminary experiments an instantaneous value of 1.1 × 10¹⁸/cm²s was obtained for the thermal neutron flux density. The experiment will be performed by the DIANNA Collaboration as International Science & Technology Center (ISTC) project No. 2286.     

The effect of geometrical parameters of hypoid and spiroid gears on its quality characteristics

The orthogonal hypoid and spiroid gears are here considered. The point of tangency of the pitch cones is presumed to be simultaneously the calculation contact point of the teeth surfaces. Analytical relationships for the geometrical parameters and important quality characteristics depending on the contact point coordinates are given. These analytical relationships show that there is a possibility of varying the independent geometrical parameters within permissible limits. Because of this, it is shown that a pair of pitch cones with the best quality characteristics may be found.