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MURRAY J. LEAF 《控制论与系统》2013,44(2-3):129-145
There are two main traditions in Western philosophy: a line of dualistic arguments resting on the form–matter dichotomy and the long historical accumulation of ideas related to it, and a line of skeptical arguments resting on an expanding idea of experience and an accumulation of ways to produce and reproduce it. The idea of “formal analysis” has mainly been associated with the former, in which formal analysis is substantially the same thing as imposing the conceptual framework of the analyst. The argument here is that it can be much more fruitfully framed in the latter. Form is not something that one must impose—it can be found. The form of a thing or system is that which holds its parts together. This always devolves into a set of mutual relationships. Such relationships can be observed and characterized and, because they usually involve simple, repeated elements such characterizations commonly take on a schematic or mathematical character. 相似文献
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Composite supercapacitor electrodes made of activated carbon/PEDOT:PSS and activated carbon/doped PEDOT 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T S SONIA P A MINI R NANDHINI KALLURI SUJITH BALAKRISHNAN AVINASH S V NAIR K R V SUBRAMANIAN 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2013,36(4):547-551
In this paper, we report on the high electrical storage capacity of composite electrodes made from nanoscale activated carbon combined with either poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or PEDOT doped with multiple dopants such as ammonium persulfate (APS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The composites were fabricated by electropolymerization of the conducting polymers (PEDOT:PSS, doped PEDOT) onto the nanoscale activated carbon backbone, wherein the nanoscale activated carbon was produced by ball-milling followed by chemical and thermal treatments. Activated carbon/PEDOT:PSS yielded capacitance values of 640 F g?1 and 26 mF cm?2, while activated carbon/doped PEDOT yielded capacitances of 1183 F g?1 and 42 mF cm?2 at 10 mV s?1. This is more than five times the storage capacity previously reported for activated carbon–PEDOT composites. Further, use of multiple dopants in PEDOT improved the storage performance of the composite electrode well over that of PEDOT:PSS. The composite electrodes were characterized for their electrochemical behaviour, structural and morphological details and electronic conductivity and showed promise as high-performance energy storage systems. 相似文献
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DONA JACOB P A MINI AVINASH BALAKRISHNAN S V NAIR K R V SUBRAMANIAN 《Bulletin of Materials Science》2014,37(1):61-69
In this paper, we report on the electrochemical characteristics of graphene–PEDOT composite electrodes. The electrodes were made of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by simple processes of electrophoretic deposition of graphene followed by electropolymerization of EDOT monomer. The composite electrode was obtained by electrochemical measurements, a median specific capacitance of 1410 F/g and a median area capacitance of 199 mF cm ?2 at a scan rate of 40 mVs ?1. The composite showed good stability characteristics after repeated scans in cyclic voltammmetry and fared much better than a thin film of PEDOT. The thermal stability of the composite is also much superior when compared to the polymer with a weight loss temperature of 350 °C for the composite and 250 °C for the polymer, respectively. The above electrochemical and thermal behaviours of the composite are correlated to the unique morphology of electrodeposited graphene that provides a conductive and high surface area template for electropolymerization. 相似文献
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K. M. MINI M. LAKSHMANAN L. MATHEW M. MUKUNDAN 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2012,35(12):1160-1166
The aim of this paper is to study the fatigue behavior of GFRP composites manufactured by vacuum bagging process by varying the volume fraction. Constant‐amplitude flexural fatigue tests were performed at zero mean stress, i.e. a cyclic stress ratio R=?1 by varying the frequency of the testing machine. The relationship between stiffness degradation rate and fibre volume fraction, was observed, and the influence of volume fraction on the tensile strength was also investigated. The results show that, as the volume fraction increases the stiffness degradation rate initially decreases and then increases after reaching a certain limit for the volume fraction. Graph between volume fraction and Young's modulus shows that as the volume fraction increases Young's modulus also increases and reaches a limit and then it decreases with further increase in volume fraction, due to the increase in fibre content which changes the material properties of the composite material. The obtained results are in agreement with the available results. 相似文献
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BEENA KUMARI MINI RAMAN A. NARAIN T. E. SIVAPRAKASAM 《International journal of remote sensing》2013,34(17):3305-3309
Abstract The world demand for tuna resources is ever increasing and there is scope for better economic returns in terms of foreign exchange earnings. It is one of the least exploited resources of the Indian seas. Remote sensing based studies on the tuna environment began in the seventies in the Gulf of Guinea. This study helped to establish a fishing strategy during the eighties. But so far this has not been attempted in Indian waters. With the basic understanding that most of the species of tuna respond directly to temperature, a study using NOAA AVHRR data was carried out to locate tuna resources. Thermal data of NOAA AVHRR for eight dates in the 1989-90 season were analysed to generate sea surface temperature (SST) images. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of tuna longline data acquired from the Fishery Survey of India pertaining to fishing conducted by chartered vessels, was plotted on the SST images. Yellowfin tuna (YFT) comprises the maximum catch plus small quantities of marlins. It was observed that almost all the data points were located near the edge of warm water (27°-29°C). A relation between average CPUE of YFT and multi-channel sea surface temperature (MCSST) charts generated by OPC (the Ocean Products Centre) of NOAA was established. It shows on an average an increasing trend in the CPUE of YFT from 26° C (hooking rate ~ 1 per cent) to 29°C (hooking rate ~3 65 per cent) and then shows a drop with further rise in temperature. Since YFT is known to be present in a wide range of temperatures, it can be concluded that the location of warm water edges having a gradient of about 1°C and the above mentioned range of temperature will be desirable in locating tuna potential areas. 相似文献
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