Low Voltage and Mismatch Analysis of Quadruple Source Coupled Multi-input Floating-gate Mosfet Multiplier with Offset Trimming

Considerations for optimisation of the MFMOS(Multi-input Floating-gateMosfet) multiplier for gain, minimal total harmonic distortion, low supplyvoltage operation and offset trimming are considered in this paper. Analysis shows that good matching between pairs of devices are essential forlow harmonic distortion. Results from simulation studies show that offsettrimming can be facilitated by connecting the dc bias inputs in pairs andbiasing them separately. A ±1.5 volt supply MFMOS multiplier has been designed and fabricated. Measured THD and nonlinearity at fullscale input are 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Bandwidth is more than 20 MHz and input dynamic range over a 0-1 MHz bandwidth is92.6 db. The lowest measured operable supply voltage is w±0.9 volt.     

A pseudologarithmic rectifier using unbalanced bias MFMOSdifferential pairs

A pseudologarithmic rectifier using multi-input floating-gate MOS (MFMOS) transistors is presented in this paper. The rectifiers consist of unbalanced bias matched MFMOS transistor differential pairs. The transfer characteristics of each subrectifier are determined by an appropriate choice of transistor aspect ratio and capacitive input coupling ratio such that in the summation of the output currents from each rectifier stage, the overall transfer characteristics closely approximates that of a true logarithmic behavior. It is operable at low supply voltage (±0.9 V) and has low temperature dependence. Measured dynamic range of 27 dB and 16.5 dB, with a corresponding logarithmic error of ±0.7 dB and ±0.35 dB, has been obtained for three-stage and two-stage pseudologarithmic rectifiers, respectively, at room temperature. The measured logarithmic error for the three-stage pseudologarithmic rectifier at 125°C is ±1.05 dB which is an increase of ±0.35 dB over a 100°C range     

Principles of electrospraying: A new approach in protection of bioactive compounds in foods

ABSTRACT

Electrospraying is a potential answer to the demands of nanoparticle fabrication such as scalability, reproducibility, and effective encapsulation in food nanotechnology. Electrospraying (and the related process of electrospinning) both show promise as a novel delivery vehicle for supplementary food compounds since the process can be carried out from an aqueous solution, at room temperature and without coagulation chemistry to produce matrices or particulates in the micro- and nano-range. The presentation of core materials at the nanoscale improves target ability to specific areas of the digestive tract and gives improved control of release rate. Adoption of these electrohydrodynamic atomization technologies will allow the industry to develop a wide range of novel high added value functional foods. To optimize production conditions and maximize throughput, a clear understanding of the mechanism of electrospraying is essential. This article presents a comprehensive review of the principles of electrospraying to produce nanoparticles suitable for food technology application, particularly for use in encapsulation and as nanocarriers.     

Kinetic parameter determination of vegetable oil oxidation under Rancimat test conditions

In this research, five different vegetable oils were oxidized at four different temperatures (373, 383, 393, and 403 K) under Rancimat test conditions. An increasing rate of oxidation could be observed as temperature increased. The natural logarithms of the kinetic rate constant (k value) varied linearly with respect to temperature, with the temperature coefficients (T_Coeff) ranging from 6.95×10^–2 to 7.40× 10^–2 K^–1 for the vegetable oils. On the basis of the Arrhenius equation and the activated complex theory, frequency factors (A), activation energies (E_a), Q₁₀ numbers, activation enthalpies (ΔH⁺⁺), and activation entropies (ΔS⁺⁺) for oxidative stability of the vegetable oils were calculated. The A, E_a, Q₁₀, ΔH⁺⁺, and ΔS⁺⁺ values for the vegetable oils ranged from 6.38×10³ to 28.03×10³ h^–1, from 86.86 to 92.42 kJ/mol, from 2.08 to 2.18, from 83.64 to 89.20 kJ/mol, and from –116.66 to –104.35 J/mol K, respectively.     

Enhanced biosurfactant production with low-quality date syrup by Lactobacillus rhamnosus using a fed-batch fermentation

Food Science and Biotechnology - Novel strategies toward the use of low-cost media to produce food-grade microbial products have been considerably attended in recent years. In this study, date...     

Evaluation of the performance of ANN in predicting of electrofacies (estimated by SOM,AHC, and MRGC models)

Log facies analysis is important for reservoir characterization, but is made particularly difficult by the problem of “dimensionality”: log space is not equivalent to geological space, and two points that are close to each other in log space may not always be similar geologically. Even with good visualization tools, performing classic method (two-step) manually in high-dimensional (>3) space is still difficult, slow, somewhat subjective, and requires a skill or expertise that is not always readily available. Recently, some novel methods are found such as multiregression graph-based clustering (MRGC), agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), and self-organizing map (SOM). In comparison with the existing two-step tool, new models have been found to make the work much faster and easier, but they need porosity and permeability for training that requires skill and time. In this study a neural network-based electrofacies determination technique is presented and finally electrofacies that evaluated in new models were determined very fast by using some logs without any computing of porosity or shale volume.