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1.
Afrin Mehjabeen Tingting Song Wei Xu Hui Ping Tang Ma Qian 《Advanced Engineering Materials》2018,20(9)
2.
The crystallographic nature of microband boundaries was investigated in a Goss oriented nickel single crystal following cold deformation in channel die plane strain compression. Standard electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), three-dimensional (3-D)-EBSD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used in the investigation. When viewed in the three orthogonal sections microband boundary traces were classically aligned in the transverse direction section at an acute angle from the rolling direction (RD), but appeared wavy in the normal direction (ND) section. The latter observation may lead to the conclusion that microband boundaries are non-crystallographic. 3-D EBSD was used to reconstruct actual microbands in a deformed volume that revealed significant new information about their structure. Here microband surfaces are largely planar over large distances, but frequently interrupted by local distortions and undulations due to interactions between intersecting non-coplanar microbands. The combined EBSD/TEM investigation has revealed that microband boundaries are aligned close to an active {1 1 1} slip plane (i.e. they are crystallographic), but the undulations and distortions they contain are non-crystallographic in the sense that they deviate from an active slip plane. The non-crystallographic features of microbands (as revealed by their wavy structure in the ND section) may be explained by the crystallographic oscillations of up to ±7.5° towards RD that occur during plastic deformation. Such oscillations result in varying fractions of slip on a given {1 1 1} plane, resulting in varying degrees of interaction between the two sets of non-coplanar microbands. These local and intense microband interactions result in their deviation from their active slip planes. 相似文献
3.
Anant K. Singh Wentong Lu Dulal Senapati Sadia Afrin Khan Zhen Fan Tapas Senapati Teresa Demeritte Lule Beqa Paresh Chandra Ray 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2011,7(17):2517-2525
A recent gold nanotechnology‐driven approach opens up a new possibility for the destruction of cancer cells through photothermal therapy. Ultimately, photothermal therapy may enter into clinical therapy and, as a result, there is an urgent need for techniques to monitor the tumor response to therapy. Driven by this need, a nanoparticle surface‐energy‐transfer (NSET) approach to monitor the photothermal therapy process by measuring a simple fluorescence intensity change is reported. The fluorescence intensity change is due to the light‐controlled photothermal release of single‐stranded DNA/RNA via dehybridization during the therapy process. Time‐dependent results show that just by measuring the fluorescence intensity change, the photothermal therapy response during the therapy process can be monitored. The possible mechanism and operating principle of the NSET assay are discussed. Ultimately, this NSET assay could have enormous potential applications in rapid, on‐site monitoring of the photothermal therapy process, which is critical to providing effective treatment of cancer and multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections. 相似文献
4.
We study global and local Q-measures, as well as betweenness centrality, as indicators of international collaboration in research.
After a brief review of their definitions, we introduce the concepts of external and internal inter-group geodesics. These
concepts are applied to a collaboration network of 1129 researchers from different countries, which is based on publications
in bibliometrics, informetrics, webometrics, and scientometrics (BIWS in short) from the period 1990–2009. It is thus illustrated
how international collaboration (among authors from different countries) in BIWS is carried out. Our results suggest that
average scores for local Q-measures are typically higher, indicating a relatively low degree of international collaboration
in BIWS. The dominating form of international collaboration is bilateral, whereas multilateral collaboration is relatively
rare in the field of BIWS. We also identify and visualize the most important global and local actors. Dividing the entire
period in four 5-year periods, it is found that most international collaboration in the field has happened in the last time
slice (2005–2009). A comparison of the different time slices reveals the non-linear growth of the indicators studied and the
international expansion of the field. 相似文献
5.
R. Afrin N. A. Shah R. Zhang Fei Wei A. S. Bhatti 《Journal of Materials Science》2014,49(20):7023-7030
We investigated the changes in the first- and second-order Raman spectra of suspended crossed ultralong carbon nanotube (CNT) junctions using different laser excitation energies. The CNT junctions were in situ fabricated by growing CNTs in two perpendicular directions using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Raman spectra substantiated the structural deformation by the compression between CNTs in the junction. I–V curves of crossed CNT junctions showed the linear behavior. These crossed CNT–CNT junctions have higher current values than individual CNTs. The coexisting suspended and unsuspended CNTs on the substrate showed higher sensitivity to infrared (IR) radiation but longer response time than those with only suspended ones or CNT junctions. 相似文献
6.
He X Iasmin M Dean LO Lappi SE Ducoste JJ de los Reyes FL 《Environmental science & technology》2011,45(10):4385-4391
The presence of hardened and insoluble fats, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewer lines is a major cause of line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). Despite the central role that FOG deposits play in SSOs, little is known about the mechanisms of FOG deposit formation in sanitary sewers. In this study, FOG deposits were formed under laboratory conditions from the reaction between free fatty acids and calcium chloride. The calcium and fatty acid profile analysis showed that the laboratory-produced FOG deposit displayed similar characteristics to FOG deposits collected from sanitary sewer lines. Results of FTIR analysis showed that the FOG deposits are metallic salts of fatty acid as revealed by comparisons with FOG deposits collected from sewer lines and pure calcium soaps. Based on the data, we propose that the formation of FOG deposits occurs from the aggregation of excess calcium compressing the double layer of free fatty acid micelles and a saponification reaction between aggregated calcium and free fatty acids. 相似文献
7.
8.
Holger Seidel Hans-Jrg Hertfelder Johannes Oldenburg Johannes P. Kruppenbacher Lawrence B. Afrin Gerhard J. Molderings 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(16)
Mast cell disease is an epigenetically and genetically determined disease entity with very diverse clinical manifestations in potentially every system and tissue due to inap pro priate release of variable subsets of mast cell mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically normal or altered mast cells. Easy bruising, excessive bleeding, and aberrancies of erythropoiesis can frequently be observed in patients with mast cell disease. A thorough history, including a family history, will guide the appropriate work-up, and laboratory evaluations may provide clues to diagnosis. In recent years, our understanding of the involvement of coagulation and anticoagulant pathways, the fibrinolytic system, and erythropoiesis in the pathophysiology of mast cell disease has increased considerably. This review summarizes current knowledge of the impact of the disturbed hemostatic and erythropoietic balance in patients with mast cell disease and describes options of treatment. 相似文献
9.
Nazia Afrin Jianhua Zhou D. Y. Tzou J. K. Chen 《Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications》2013,63(7):483-501
A generalized dual phase lag (DPL) bioheat model based on the nonequilibrium heat transfer in living biological tissues is applied to investigate thermal damage induced by laser irradiation. Comparisons of the temperature responses and thermal damages between the generalized and classical DPL bioheat model, derived from the constitutive DPL model and Pennes bioheat equation, are carried out in this study. It is shown that the generalized DPL model could predict significantly different temperature and thermal damage from the classical DPL model and Pennes bioheat conduction model. The generalized DPL equation can reduce to the classical Pennes heat conduction equation only when the phase lag times of temperature gradient (τ T ) and heat flux vector (τ q ) are both zero. The effects of laser parameters such as laser exposure time, laser irradiance, and coupling factor on the thermal damage are also studied. 相似文献
10.
Afrin?SultanaEmail author Ehsan?Kamrani Mohamad?Sawan 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2012,70(1):1-13
This paper surveys recent research on CMOS silicon avalanche photodiodes (SiAPD) and presents the design of a SiAPD based
photoreceiver dedicated to near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) application. Near-infrared spectroscopy provides an inexpensive,
non-invasive, and portable means to image brain function, and is one of the most efficient diagnostic techniques of different
neurological diseases. In NIRS system, brain tissue is penetrated by near-infrared (NIR) radiation and the reflected signal
is captured by a photodiode. Since the reflected NIR signal has very low amplitude, SiAPD is a better choice than regular
photodiode for NIR signal detection due to SiAPD`s ability to amplify the photo generated signal by avalanche multiplication.
Design requirements of using CMOS SiAPDs for NIR light detection are discussed, and the challenges of fabricating SiAPDs using
standard CMOS process are addressed. Performances of state-of-the-art CMOS SiAPDs with different device structures are summarized
and compared. The efficacy of the proposed SiAPD based photoreceiver is confirmed by post layout simulation. Finally, the
SiAPD and its associated circuits has been implemented in one chip using 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology for an integrated
NIRS system. 相似文献