Crystallization of progesterone polymorphs using polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn) method

Progesterone is a natural hormone steroid used in humans for several treatments and in livestock for artificial insemination, which exhibits two polymorphic forms at ambient conditions: form 1 and form 2. Form 2 is metastable and more soluble than form 1; however, it is not suitable to use as powder raw material because it transforms into form 1 by the effects of grinding. A polymorphic screening of progesterone based on polymer-induced heteronucleation method was performed as an alternative to prepare the metastable form. Polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), dextran, gelatin, polyisoprene (PI) and acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) copolymer were used. Crystals were prepared from 0.5, 10 and 40?mg/mL solutions in acetone at room temperature by solvent evaporation. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Form 1 was nucleated from 40?mg/mL solutions on the six polymers and from 10?mg/mL solutions on PI and NBR. The mixture of form 1 and form 2 was obtained from 10?mg/mL solution on HPMC, dextran and gelatin and from 0.5?mg/mL solution crystallizations. Therefore, the polymeric devices, which crystallized the metastable and more soluble polymorph (2) of progesterone, would be a promissory alternative for the pharmaceutical applications.     

Estimation of thermal diffusivity of foods using transfer functions

The effective thermal diffusivity of foodstuffs was estimated from time-temperature histories in the geometric center of samples exposed to heating and cooling processes.Transfer functions methodology was used as an alternative method to estimate the thermal diffusivity assuming that conduction was the main heat transfer mechanism. The samples were characterized as delayed first-order systems with unit gain, dead time (L) and time constant (τ).The results were compared with those obtained from the f_h value and with results reported in the literature.     

RefWorks Usage Patterns: Exploring the First Four Semesters of Use by Faculty,Graduate Students,and Undergraduates

This study explores citation management usage patterns of undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty. We analyze the temporal use of RefWorks with an eye toward informing reference services and instruction initiatives. The frequency and intensity of use allow us to glean an understanding of user groups on campus. While our findings for undergraduates and faculty conform to general assumptions, graduate students emerge as a group more similar to faculty than anticipated. Graduate students’ use of RefWorks is characterized by steady logins and large amounts of references; thus, suggesting that personalized instruction might benefit graduate students more than scheduled workshops.     

Hierarchical feature selection based on relative dependency for gear fault diagnosis

Feature selection is an important aspect under study in machine learning based diagnosis, that aims to remove irrelevant features for reaching good performance in the diagnostic systems. The behaviour of diagnostic models could be sensitive with regard to the amount of features, and significant features can represent the problem better than the entire set. Consequently, algorithms to identify these features are valuable contributions. This work deals with the feature selection problem through attribute clustering. The proposed algorithm is inspired by existing approaches, where the relative dependency between attributes is used to calculate dissimilarity values. The centroids of the created clusters are selected as representative attributes. The selection algorithm uses a random process for proposing centroid candidates, in this way, the inherent exploration in random search is included. A hierarchical procedure is proposed for implementing this algorithm. In each level of the hierarchy, the entire set of available attributes is split in disjoint sets and the selection process is applied on each subset. Once the significant attributes are proposed for each subset, a new set of available attributes is created and the selection process runs again in the next level. The hierarchical implementation aims to refine the search space in each level on a reduced set of selected attributes, while the computational time-consumption is improved also. The approach is tested with real data collected from a test bed, results show that the diagnosis precision by using a Random Forest based classifier is over 98 % with only 12 % of the attributes from the available set.     

Motivations for the IT Professional Turnaway Intention: A Delphi Approach

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we use the Delphi method to identify the main motivations that have led IT professionals to intend to move to another area. We found that the pursuit of career growth and the quest for acquiring new experiences and abilities have a marked impact on the IT professional turnaway intention. Moreover, female IT professionals and IT professionals oriented by the career advancement paradigm have a higher propensity to abandon the IT area.     

Duality in fuzzy linear programming: a survey

The concepts of both duality and fuzzy uncertainty in linear programming have been theoretically analyzed and comprehensively and practically applied in an abundance of cases. Consequently, their joint application is highly appealing for both scholars and practitioners. However, the literature contributions on duality in fuzzy linear programming (FLP) are neither complete nor consistent. For example, there are no consistent concepts of weak duality and strong duality. The contributions of this survey are (1) to provide the first comprehensive overview of literature results on duality in FLP, (2) to analyze these results in terms of research gaps in FLP duality theory, and (3) to show avenues for further research. We systematically analyze duality in fuzzy linear programming along potential fuzzifications of linear programs (fuzzy classes) and along fuzzy order operators. Our results show that research on FLP duality is fragmented along both dimensions; more specifically, duality approaches and related results vary in terms of homogeneity, completeness, consistency with crisp duality, and complexity. Fuzzy linear programming is still far away from a unifying theory as we know it from crisp linear programming. We suggest further research directions, including the suggestion of comprehensive duality theories for specific fuzzy classes while dispensing with restrictive mathematical assumptions, the development of consistent duality theories for specific fuzzy order operators, and the proposition of a unifying fuzzy duality theory.     

Nutritional quality and acceptability of a product formulated with mechanically deboned poultry meat,plasma and bovine red cell

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality and acceptability of a meat product formulated with mechanically deboned poultry meat (40%), bovine plasma (40%) and bovine red cells (3%) as major ingredients. Proteins, fat, humidity and ash were determined by AOAC procedure, iron and calcium by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and essential amino acids by HPLC. Biological evaluation was performed using digestibility and PER procedures. To evaluate the acceptability (flavor, color and odor) of the product were used 277 children. Results indicated that 100 g of the formulated meat product contain 10.7 g of proteins, 4.4 g of fat, 68.6 g of humidity, 2.9 g of ash, 4.9 mg of iron, 46.6 mg of calcium. Essential amino acids are above the FAO requirements for a highly nutritional protein digestibility (92.4%) and PER (2.18). Acceptability was 91.3% for flavor, 81.2% for color and 92.4% for odor. The high nutritional quality and acceptability along with the low cost make this meat product suitable for government social programs.     

Metabolic turnover and catalase activity of biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 17552) as related to copper corrosion

In this work we report the results of a combined biochemical and electrochemical study aimed to analyze both the growth of biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens on copper samples and its possible role in the instability of the metal/electrolyte interface.DNA and RNA were quantified along the time for biofilms grown on copper and glass to estimate both the growth of the bacterial population and its metabolic state (through the RNA/DNA ratio). The expression and specific activity of catalase were also determined to gain insight into their possible role in corrosion acceleration. The electrochemical behavior of the biofilm/copper interface was monitored by Linear Polarization Resistance (Rp) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) along the experiments.Results showed a longer lag phase for biofilms developing on copper that included a period of high metabolic activity (as measured by the RNA/DNA ratio) without biomass growth. Biological activity introduced a new time constant at intermediate frequencies in EIS spectra whose capacitive behavior increased with the biofilm development. The increment in this biofilm-related signal was accompanied by a strong limitation to charge transfer through a diffusion controlled process probably due to oxygen exhaustion by cells respiration, while the resistance of the interface decreased presumably due to oxide dissolution by local acidification under the colonies. In addition, catalase activity was found to be high in mature copper-tolerant biofilms, which differentially express a catalase isoform not present in biofilms growing on glass.     

The Experience in Designing and Evaluating the High Performance Cluster Netuno

This paper presents the Netuno supercomputer, a large-scale cluster installed at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. A detailed performance evaluation of Netuno is presented, depicting its computational and I/O performance, as well as the results for two real-world applications. Since building a high- performance cluster for running a wide range of applications is a non-trivial task, some lessons learned from assembling and operating this cluster, such as the excellent performance of the OpenMPI library, and the relevance of employing an efficient parallel file system over the traditional NFS system, can be useful knowledge to support the design of new systems. Currently, Netuno is being heavily used to run large scale simulations in the areas of ocean modeling, meteorology, engineering, physics, and geophysics.