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1.
Aziz Tekin Melih Cizmeci Hulya Karabacak Muammer Kayahan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(5):443-445
Trans FA (TFA), solid fat contents (SFC), and slip melting points of 12 different tub and stick margarines marketed in Turkey were
examined in this study. No trans isomers were found in four margarines, which suggests they were formulated from interesterified or blended fats and oils.
The products with no TFA generally had more short-chain saturated FA, which suggests coconut oil-based oil components. TFA
content of the other 10 products varied from 7.7 to 37.8%. Compared to the products formulated in North America, Turkish margarines
contain more TFA and have higher SFC. 相似文献
2.
Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is extensively used in frictional applications due to its advanced wear resistance. This advanced polymer is reinforced with hard particulate fillers for further developments against wear conditions. Since elevated temperatures prevail in the service conditions, wear behavior of UHMWPE composites is an important issue for the engineering applications. In the present work, UHMWPE-based composites including silicon carbide (SiC) fillers were fabricated in a compression molding chamber. In the specimen preparation stage, molding pressure, filler amount, and filler particle size were varied to investigate the influence of these variables. Upon deciding the optimum parameters from the wear tests conducted at room temperature, the wear experiments were repeated for the optimum specimen at elevated temperatures, such as 40 and 60°C. According to the results, the wear behavior of the SiC/UHMWPE composites is heavily changed by the effect of elevated temperature. Adhesive effect is pronounced at elevated temperatures while the wear characteristics possess the abrasive effect in the sliding path. In addition, the composites exhibit an accelerated material loss as temperature increases during the frictional system. 相似文献
3.
This paper addresses the design of clamped circular piezoceramic composite unimorph and bimorph configurations, specifically the conflicting requirements of maximum volume displacement for a prescribed bandwidth. An optimization problem is formulated that implements analytical solutions for unimorph and bimorph configurations using laminated plate theory, including the use of oppositely polarized piezoceramic patches. A range of actuator geometric parameters are studied, and bounds for volume displacement and natural frequency of optimal designs are determined and presented via design curves. In the selected design space, Pareto optimization results for unimorph and bimorph configurations show that optimal volume displacement is related to the bandwidth by a universal power law such that the product of the square of the natural frequency and the displaced volume, a “gain-bandwidth” product, is a constant. Characteristic trends are also described that are independent of the actuator radius for the Pareto optimal piezoceramic patch thickness and radius versus normalized bandwidth. The results are relevant, for example, in the design of zero-net mass-flux or synthetic jet actuators used in flow control applications. 相似文献
4.
An assessment of total RMR classification system using unified simulation model based on artificial neural networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Engineering design has great importance in the cost and safety of engineering structures. Rock mass rating (RMR) system has
become a reliable and widespread pre-design system for its ease of use and variety in engineering applications such as tunnels,
foundations, and slopes. In RMR system, six parameters are employed in classifying a rock mass: uniaxial compressive strength
of intact rock material (UCS), rock quality designation (RQD), spacing of discontinuities (SD), condition of discontinuities
(CD), condition of groundwater (CG), and orientation of discontinuities (OD). The ratings of the first three parameters UCS,
RQD, and SD are determined via graphic readings where the last three parameters CD, CG, and OD are estimated by the tables
that are composed of interval valued linguistic expressions. Because of these linguistic expresions, the estimated rating
values of the last three become fuzzy especially when the related conditions are close to border of any two classes. In such
cases, these fuzzy situations could lead up incorrect rock class estimations. In this study, an empirical database based on
the linguistic expressions for CD, CG, and OD is developed for training Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifiers. The results
obtained from graphical readings and ANN classifiers are unified in a simulation model (USM). The data obtained from five
different tunnels, which were excavated for derivation purpose, are used to evaluate classification results of conventional
method and proposed model. Finally, it is noted that more accurate and realistic ratings are reached by means of proposed
model. 相似文献
5.
Stabilized electrospinning of heat stimuli/in situ crosslinkable nanofibers and their self‐same nanocomposites 下载免费PDF全文
We present a strategy for stabilizing the morphological integrity of electrospun polymeric nanofibers by heat stimuli in situ crosslinking. Amorphous polymer nanofibers, such as polystyrene (PS) and its co‐polymers tend to lose their fiber morphology during processing at temperatures above their glass transition temperature (Tg) typically bound to happen in nanocomposite/structural composite applications. As an answer to this problem, incorporation of the crosslinking agents, phthalic anhydride (PA) and tributylamine (TBA), into the electrospinning polymer solution functionalized by glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) copolymerization, namely P(St‐co‐GMA), is demonstrated. Despite the presence of the crosslinker molecules, the electrospinning polymer solution is stable and its viscosity remains unaffected below 60 °C. Crosslinking reaction stands‐by and can be thermally stimulated during post‐processing of the electrospun P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fiber mat at intermediate temperatures (below the Tg). This strategy enables the preservation of the nanofiber morphology during subsequent high temperature processing. The crosslinking event leads to an increase in Tg of the base polymer by 30 °C depending on degree of crosslinking. Crosslinked nanofibers are able to maintain their nanofibrous morphology above the Tg and upon exposure to organic solvents. In situ crosslinking in epoxy matrix is also reported as an example of high temperature demanding application/processing. Finally, a self‐same fibrous nanocomposite is demonstrated by dual electrospinning of P(St‐co‐GMA) and stabilized P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA, forming an intermingled nanofibrous mat, followed by a heating cycle. The product is a composite of crosslinked P(St‐co‐GMA)/PA‐TBA fibers fused by P(St‐co‐GMA) matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44090. 相似文献
6.
Ethylene diamine bisborane (EDB) was synthesized in a single step as the hydrogen storage material. The synthesized compound was firstly used in the literature for the production of hydrogen gas by catalytic hydrolysis reaction. Cu, Co and Ni nanoparticles with average sizes of 75–150 nm formed in p(acrylicacid-co-vinylimidazole) hydrogel network structures were used as catalysts for the hydrolysis reaction. The effect of the parameters such as catalyst type, EDB concentration, catalyst concentration, temperature and solvent environment on the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of EDB was investigated. In the activity tests for the catalyst, it was determined that the catalyst had a loss of only 15% in activity even at the end of 5 cycles. The activation energies of hydrolysis reaction were calculated as 39.42 kJmol–1, 44.77 kJmol–1 and 47.48 kJmol–1 for Cu, Co and Ni hydrogel composite catalyst, respectively. 相似文献
7.
Hüseyin Serdar Yücesu Tolga Topgül Can inar Melih Okur 《Applied Thermal Engineering》2006,26(17-18):2272-2278
Renewable energy sources for the gasoline engines alcohols gain importance recently. These renewable energy sources have attracted the attention of researchers as alternative fuel due to their high octane number. In addition, these are also clean energy sources and can be obtained from the biomass alcohols with low carbon like ethanol. In this study, the effect of compression ratio on engine performance and exhaust emissions was examined at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio, full load and minimum advanced timing for the best torque MBT in a single cylinder, four stroke, with variable compression ratio and spark ignition engine. 相似文献
8.
In this paper, the optimum parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMD) are proposed under seismic excitations. Harmony search (HS), a metaheurestic optimization method, which has been successfully applied for several engineering problems, is revised for tuning passive mass dampers. A Matlab program is developed for numerical optimization and time domain simulation. Optimization criteria are the peak values of first storey displacement and acceleration transfer function. In order to find best results, all properties of TMD are searched. For a fast and general optimization, a harmonic loading is utilized for numerical iterations. Also, final TMD parameters are checked under earthquake excitations. This new approach is compared with several other documented methods. Comparisons show that the new approach is more effective than other documented methods and more feasible due to smaller TMD parameters. 相似文献
9.
10.
In this study, effects of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mole% CuO addition on the properties of potassium sodium niobate (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-KNN ceramics were investigated. Pure KNN and CuO-added KNN pellet samples were sintered at 1100 and 1090 °C for 4 h, respectively. Phase analysis showed that all samples crystallized in pure orthorhombic perovskite phase. Addition of 1.0 and 1.5 mole% CuO caused grain growth, densification and formation of a liquid phase at the grain boundaries. Curie temperature has shifted from 480 to 435 °C with increasing CuO ratio. The most remarkable characteristic of the hysteresis loops were the constricted nature of the 0.5 mole% CuO-added KNN's curve and the antiferroelectric-like appearance of the 1.5 mole% CuO-added KNN's curve. Piezeoelectric properties of d33 = 120 pC/N, kp = 0.27 and Qm = 772 were obtained from the 1.5 mole% CuO-added KNN. 相似文献