油藏演化的两个极端过程

油气藏形成之后，在地质务件变化不大的情况下，储集层中的油气一般保持相对的稳定。但当地质条件变化较大时，油气藏中则发生明显的蚀变。其中两个极端的演化过程，一是抬升破坏形成生物降解沥青，一是深埋发生原油裂解转化成焦沥青和天然气。生物降解沥青没有一定的形态．在显微镜下呈席状分布，沥青反射率低，抽提物具有明显的生物降解特征。原油裂解形成的焦沥青具有一定的几何形态，沥青反射率很高而无常规抽提物。原油裂解生成的天然气在组分和碳同位素特征上与干酪根裂解生成的天然气有别。图6参15     

过渡金属对Au-Pd/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

研究了掺杂过渡金属Ru,Ni,Co对Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂催化噻吩加氢脱硫活性的影响,并采用X射线衍射、电感耦合等离子发射光谱、程序升温还原和程序升温脱附等方法对TiO2-Al2O3复合载体、Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3和Au-Pd-TM/TiO2-Al2O3(TM表示过渡金属)催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,掺杂过渡金属未改变Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的结构;掺杂Ru或Ni增强了Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的活性组分与TiO2-Al2O3复合载体的相互作用,降低了反应活化能,提高了催化剂活性组分的分散度和活性比表面积,改善了Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O催化剂的吸附性能,从而提高了Au-Pd/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂催化噻吩加氢脱硫的活性;而掺杂Co的效果则与之相反。     

Leaching Stability of Simulated Waste Forms for Immobilizing An3＋ by Gd2Zr2O7 with Nd3＋

In order to investigate the anti-leaching capability of pyrochlore Gd2Zr2O7 immobilized An3+, trivalent neodymium was used as the simulacrums for radioactive wastes with trivalence, Gd2-xNdxZr2O7(0.0x 2.0) series samples were successfully synthesized by high temperature solid reaction and using Gd2O3, Zr O2 powders as starting materials. The experiments of long-term chemical stability were conducted in synthetic seawater at 40 and 70 ℃. The XRD diffractive data and extraction ratio of as-received samples were collected with the help of X-ray diffraction(XRD) instrument and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMass). The results indicate that the phases of as-received compounds keep the single phase of pyrochlore. The extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ in waste forms is increasing with the increase of immersion time in synthetic seawater. The extraction ratio of waste forms at 70 ℃ is higher than at 40 ℃. The highest extraction ratio of Gd3+, Zr4+ and Nd3+ after 42 days is near 0.025 8, 0.003 8 and 0.045 2 μg·m L-1, respectively.     

流化催化裂化油浆综合利用的分析

流化催化裂化（FCC）油浆外甩量通常超过5%,需要脱固处理得到澄清油再利用。本文分析得出了向延迟焦化、溶剂脱沥青、减压蒸馏、加氢等重质油加工装置直接掺炼,局限性较大;利用减压蒸馏、溶剂抽提、超临界流体萃取等工艺,对澄清油“掐头去尾”,分离组分可生产针状焦、环保橡胶填充油、沥青树脂以及碳素纤维等高附加值产品。油浆组分通过延迟焦化制备针状焦,是工业化应用主体方向,但国内产品质量与国外尚有很大差距;油浆制备环保橡胶填充油,在降低环保橡胶油多环芳烃（PCA）和8种危害性稠环芳烃（PAHs）分别至3%和10mg/kg以下的同时,必须提高芳碳率（C_A）值至10%以上来保持橡胶相容性,其收率及生产成本是工业化应用推广的制约因素。     

高强度冷矫直机机架结构优化分析

高强度冷矫直机机架由上横梁、立柱、底座用四根拉杆联结而成,对四根拉杆施以预紧力,使之成为预紧机架。由于底座和立柱都采用了薄壁结构,机架的局部变形对整体刚度影响较大,为了使机架具有较高的刚度,结合有限元分析技术对该矫直机机架进行了三维有限元分析及结构优化分析,取得了较好的效果。     

Reaching the Fundamental Limitation in CO2 Reduction to CO with Single Atom Catalysts

The electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) to value-added chemicals with renewable electricity is a promising method to decarbonize parts of the chemical industry. Recently, single metal atoms in nitrogen-doped carbon (MNC) have emerged as potential electrocatalysts for CO₂RR to CO with high activity and faradaic efficiency, although the reaction limitation for CO₂RR to CO is unclear. To understand the comparison of intrinsic activity of different MNCs, two catalysts are synthesized through a decoupled two-step synthesis approach of high temperature pyrolysis and low temperature metalation (Fe or Ni). The highly meso-porous structure results in the highest reported electrochemical active site utilization based on in situ nitrite stripping; up to 59±6% for NiNC. Ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) confirms the penta-coordinated nature of the active sites. The catalysts are amongst the most active in the literature for CO₂ reduction to CO. The density functional theory calculations (DFT) show that their binding to the reaction intermediates approximates to that of Au surfaces. However, it is found that the turnover frequencies (TOFs) of the most active catalysts for CO evolution converge, suggesting a fundamental ceiling to the catalytic rates.     

Interfacial Connections between Organic Perovskite/n+ Silicon/Catalyst that Allow Integration of Solar Cell and Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution from Water

The rapidly increasing solar conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) thin-film semiconductors has triggered interest in their use for direct solar-driven water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, application of these low-cost, electronic-structure-tunable HOIP tandem photoabsorbers has been hindered by the instability of the photovoltaic-catalyst-electrolyte (PV+E) interfaces. Here, photolytic water splitting is demonstrated using an integrated configuration consisting of an HOIP/n⁺silicon single junction photoabsorber and a platinum (Pt) thin film catalyst. An extended electrochemical (EC) lifetime in alkaline media is achieved using titanium nitride on both sides of the Si support to eliminate formation of insulating silicon oxide, and as an effective diffusion barrier to allow high-temperature annealing of the catalyst/TiO₂-protected-n⁺silicon interface necessary to retard electrolytic corrosion. Halide composition is examined in the (FA_1-xCs_x)PbI₃ system with a bandgap suitable for tandem operation. A fill factor of 72.5% is achieved using a Spiro-OMeTAD-hole-transport-layer (HTL)-based HOIP/n⁺Si solar cell, and a high photocurrent density of −15.9 mA cm⁻² (at 0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode) is attained for the HOIP/n⁺Si/Pt photocathode in 1 m NaOH under simulated 1-sun illumination. While this thin-film design creates stable interfaces, the intrinsic photo- and electro-degradation of the HOIP photoabsorber remains the main obstacle for future HOIP/Si tandem PEC devices.     

汽车数字供应链SaaS化新管理模式探究与实践

随着现代技术的发展,汽车产业孕育着新一轮升级。目前,汽车企业间的竞争逐步加大,已经逐步转化为供应链的竞争。而传统供应链生产管理仍然面临着市场高质量、高交期的巨大挑战,无法满足汽车企业对其生产效率的需求。因此,新的汽车供应链管理模式应运而生。研究了汽车数字供应链软件即服务(SaaS)化新管理模式,并基于SaaS平台实现探索供应链数字化管理的新生态模式。以某汽车公司为例,进行供应链SaaS生态平台实践研究,以数字化制造重塑供应链流程,解决供应链企业间数据协同,实现汽车全产业链互联互通、结构性降本增效,打造高效协作、互利共赢的新型行业生态模式。采用SaaS平台实现供应链生产管理后,其供应链管理数字化延伸,生产线开动率提升了1%,协同效率大幅提升。     

县级政府大面积停电事件应急管理机制建设

做好各类突发事件应急准备和应急处置工作,是各级人民政府的一项基本职责.参考福建省仙游县大面积停电事件应急体系示范建设实践经验,以仙游县人民政府大面积停电事件应急管理机制建设实践为基础,结合突发事件预防与应急准备、监测与预警、应急处置与救援、事后恢复与重建的实际需求,探讨县级人民政府大面积停电事件应急管理机制建设方案.     

木薯淀粉/壳聚糖可食共混膜的制备及在草莓保鲜中的应用

以木薯淀粉、壳聚糖为基材,制备用于草莓保鲜的可食共混膜,研究共混比、抗菌剂(柠檬酸)和表面活性剂(吐温60)对共混膜性能及保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:当壳聚糖和木薯淀粉质量比为1:1时,共混膜的拉伸强度为25 MPa,断裂伸长率为10.6%,水蒸气渗透率为160 g/(24 h·m2),其综合性能最佳。当添加质量分数为4%的柠檬酸时,共混膜综合性能较好;当同时添加质量分数为1%的吐温60与1%的柠檬酸时,60 h后的草莓失重率比单独添加质量分数为1%的柠檬酸和1%的吐温60分别降低约20%和15%,说明此时保鲜效果最佳。